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GeneFrontier Corp purefrex 1.0
Purefrex 1.0, supplied by GeneFrontier Corp, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/connected+components+function+in/purefrex+2+0/pmc06037786-241-11-14
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
purefrex 1.0 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
90/100 stars

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Luciferase:

Article Title: Evaluation of antibody variants using a ribosome display and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system.
Article Snippet: 1389-1723/$ and similar t https://doi.or In antibody engineering, the development of rapid and efficient strategies for improving affinity is highly necessary.. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to efficiently enrich and analyze high-affinity antibody variants by combining protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) ribosome display with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system using the NZ-1 antibody, which targets the PA tag peptide (GVAMPGAEDDVV) as a model antibody.. From the mutated scFab library designed based on the structure, we performed a single-round of PURE ribosome display selection and analyzed the data by NGS to obtain high-affinity scFab candidates with high enrichment factor and high read counts.

Article Title: Screening and machine-learning assisted prediction of translation-enhancing peptides reducing ribosomal stalling in Escherichia coli
Article Snippet: To confirm the effect of the obtained peptides on translation, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) was conducted using PUREfrex2.1 (GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan) with the DNA fragments amplified using Gflex DNA polymerase (Takara) with F1 and R1 primers from single colonies.

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis.
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier, Japan), which include T7 RNAP, at 37C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: On-demand insulin manufacturing using cell-free systems with an "on-column" conversion approach.
Article Snippet: PUREfrex® 2.1 Expression A commercially available purified cell-free extract, PUREfrex® 2.1(GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan), was used for the expression of His-R-IP and contains 36 purified components needed for transcription and translation [27].

Article Title: Bacteriocin-mediated prevention of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia by a human commensal Streptococcus mitis strain
Article Snippet: Then, CFPS of bacteriocins was performed using PUREfrex2.0 (GeneFrontier Corporation, Japan) as previously described .

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier), which include T7 RNAP, at 37 °C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: The SpyBLI cell-free pipeline for the rapid quantification of binding kinetics from crude samples
Article Snippet: In addition to the cell-free blend used in this manuscript, we successfully expressed both nanobodies and scFvs using PUREfrex®2.1 (GeneFrontier PF213) with added PDI Set (GeneFrontier PF006) according to manufacturer's recommendations.

Article Title: Validation and Optimization of PURE Ribosome Display for Screening Synthetic Nanobody Libraries.
Article Snippet: The PUREfrex2.1 Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Kit (GeneFrontier Corporation, Kashiwa, Japan) was used to display synthetic nanobody libraries on ribosomes.

Incubation:

Article Title: Evaluation of antibody variants using a ribosome display and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system.
Article Snippet: 1389-1723/$ and similar t https://doi.or In antibody engineering, the development of rapid and efficient strategies for improving affinity is highly necessary.. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to efficiently enrich and analyze high-affinity antibody variants by combining protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) ribosome display with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system using the NZ-1 antibody, which targets the PA tag peptide (GVAMPGAEDDVV) as a model antibody.. From the mutated scFab library designed based on the structure, we performed a single-round of PURE ribosome display selection and analyzed the data by NGS to obtain high-affinity scFab candidates with high enrichment factor and high read counts.

Article Title: Screening and machine-learning assisted prediction of translation-enhancing peptides reducing ribosomal stalling in Escherichia coli
Article Snippet: To confirm the effect of the obtained peptides on translation, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) was conducted using PUREfrex2.1 (GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan) with the DNA fragments amplified using Gflex DNA polymerase (Takara) with F1 and R1 primers from single colonies.

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis.
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier, Japan), which include T7 RNAP, at 37C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: On-demand insulin manufacturing using cell-free systems with an "on-column" conversion approach.
Article Snippet: PUREfrex® 2.1 Expression A commercially available purified cell-free extract, PUREfrex® 2.1(GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan), was used for the expression of His-R-IP and contains 36 purified components needed for transcription and translation [27].

Article Title: Bacteriocin-mediated prevention of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia by a human commensal Streptococcus mitis strain
Article Snippet: Then, CFPS of bacteriocins was performed using PUREfrex2.0 (GeneFrontier Corporation, Japan) as previously described .

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier), which include T7 RNAP, at 37 °C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: The SpyBLI cell-free pipeline for the rapid quantification of binding kinetics from crude samples
Article Snippet: In addition to the cell-free blend used in this manuscript, we successfully expressed both nanobodies and scFvs using PUREfrex®2.1 (GeneFrontier PF213) with added PDI Set (GeneFrontier PF006) according to manufacturer's recommendations.

Article Title: Validation and Optimization of PURE Ribosome Display for Screening Synthetic Nanobody Libraries.
Article Snippet: The PUREfrex2.1 Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Kit (GeneFrontier Corporation, Kashiwa, Japan) was used to display synthetic nanobody libraries on ribosomes.

Activity Assay:

Article Title: Evaluation of antibody variants using a ribosome display and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system.
Article Snippet: 1389-1723/$ and similar t https://doi.or In antibody engineering, the development of rapid and efficient strategies for improving affinity is highly necessary.. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to efficiently enrich and analyze high-affinity antibody variants by combining protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) ribosome display with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system using the NZ-1 antibody, which targets the PA tag peptide (GVAMPGAEDDVV) as a model antibody.. From the mutated scFab library designed based on the structure, we performed a single-round of PURE ribosome display selection and analyzed the data by NGS to obtain high-affinity scFab candidates with high enrichment factor and high read counts.

Article Title: Screening and machine-learning assisted prediction of translation-enhancing peptides reducing ribosomal stalling in Escherichia coli
Article Snippet: To confirm the effect of the obtained peptides on translation, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) was conducted using PUREfrex2.1 (GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan) with the DNA fragments amplified using Gflex DNA polymerase (Takara) with F1 and R1 primers from single colonies.

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis.
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier, Japan), which include T7 RNAP, at 37C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: On-demand insulin manufacturing using cell-free systems with an "on-column" conversion approach.
Article Snippet: PUREfrex® 2.1 Expression A commercially available purified cell-free extract, PUREfrex® 2.1(GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan), was used for the expression of His-R-IP and contains 36 purified components needed for transcription and translation [27].

Article Title: Bacteriocin-mediated prevention of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia by a human commensal Streptococcus mitis strain
Article Snippet: Then, CFPS of bacteriocins was performed using PUREfrex2.0 (GeneFrontier Corporation, Japan) as previously described .

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier), which include T7 RNAP, at 37 °C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: The SpyBLI cell-free pipeline for the rapid quantification of binding kinetics from crude samples
Article Snippet: In addition to the cell-free blend used in this manuscript, we successfully expressed both nanobodies and scFvs using PUREfrex®2.1 (GeneFrontier PF213) with added PDI Set (GeneFrontier PF006) according to manufacturer's recommendations.

Article Title: Validation and Optimization of PURE Ribosome Display for Screening Synthetic Nanobody Libraries.
Article Snippet: The PUREfrex2.1 Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Kit (GeneFrontier Corporation, Kashiwa, Japan) was used to display synthetic nanobody libraries on ribosomes.

Expressing:

Article Title: Evaluation of antibody variants using a ribosome display and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system.
Article Snippet: 1389-1723/$ and similar t https://doi.or In antibody engineering, the development of rapid and efficient strategies for improving affinity is highly necessary.. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to efficiently enrich and analyze high-affinity antibody variants by combining protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) ribosome display with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system using the NZ-1 antibody, which targets the PA tag peptide (GVAMPGAEDDVV) as a model antibody.. From the mutated scFab library designed based on the structure, we performed a single-round of PURE ribosome display selection and analyzed the data by NGS to obtain high-affinity scFab candidates with high enrichment factor and high read counts.

Article Title: Screening and machine-learning assisted prediction of translation-enhancing peptides reducing ribosomal stalling in Escherichia coli
Article Snippet: To confirm the effect of the obtained peptides on translation, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) was conducted using PUREfrex2.1 (GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan) with the DNA fragments amplified using Gflex DNA polymerase (Takara) with F1 and R1 primers from single colonies.

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis.
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier, Japan), which include T7 RNAP, at 37C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: On-demand insulin manufacturing using cell-free systems with an "on-column" conversion approach.
Article Snippet: PUREfrex® 2.1 Expression A commercially available purified cell-free extract, PUREfrex® 2.1(GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan), was used for the expression of His-R-IP and contains 36 purified components needed for transcription and translation [27].

Article Title: Bacteriocin-mediated prevention of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia by a human commensal Streptococcus mitis strain
Article Snippet: Then, CFPS of bacteriocins was performed using PUREfrex2.0 (GeneFrontier Corporation, Japan) as previously described .

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier), which include T7 RNAP, at 37 °C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: The SpyBLI cell-free pipeline for the rapid quantification of binding kinetics from crude samples
Article Snippet: In addition to the cell-free blend used in this manuscript, we successfully expressed both nanobodies and scFvs using PUREfrex®2.1 (GeneFrontier PF213) with added PDI Set (GeneFrontier PF006) according to manufacturer's recommendations.

Article Title: Validation and Optimization of PURE Ribosome Display for Screening Synthetic Nanobody Libraries.
Article Snippet: The PUREfrex2.1 Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Kit (GeneFrontier Corporation, Kashiwa, Japan) was used to display synthetic nanobody libraries on ribosomes.

Purification:

Article Title: Evaluation of antibody variants using a ribosome display and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system.
Article Snippet: 1389-1723/$ and similar t https://doi.or In antibody engineering, the development of rapid and efficient strategies for improving affinity is highly necessary.. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to efficiently enrich and analyze high-affinity antibody variants by combining protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) ribosome display with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Brevibacillus choshinensis secretion system using the NZ-1 antibody, which targets the PA tag peptide (GVAMPGAEDDVV) as a model antibody.. From the mutated scFab library designed based on the structure, we performed a single-round of PURE ribosome display selection and analyzed the data by NGS to obtain high-affinity scFab candidates with high enrichment factor and high read counts.

Article Title: Screening and machine-learning assisted prediction of translation-enhancing peptides reducing ribosomal stalling in Escherichia coli
Article Snippet: To confirm the effect of the obtained peptides on translation, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) was conducted using PUREfrex2.1 (GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan) with the DNA fragments amplified using Gflex DNA polymerase (Takara) with F1 and R1 primers from single colonies.

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis.
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier, Japan), which include T7 RNAP, at 37C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: On-demand insulin manufacturing using cell-free systems with an "on-column" conversion approach.
Article Snippet: PUREfrex® 2.1 Expression A commercially available purified cell-free extract, PUREfrex® 2.1(GeneFrontier, Kashiwa, Japan), was used for the expression of His-R-IP and contains 36 purified components needed for transcription and translation [27].

Article Title: Bacteriocin-mediated prevention of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia by a human commensal Streptococcus mitis strain
Article Snippet: Then, CFPS of bacteriocins was performed using PUREfrex2.0 (GeneFrontier Corporation, Japan) as previously described .

Article Title: Single-subunit RNA polymerases, KpnP, Ro45Iw, and CD23823, with precise terminal synthesis
Article Snippet: The DNA fragment encoding luciferase under each promoter candidate (0.5 nM) and that encoding each RNAP (5 nM) were incubated in PUREfrex 2.0 (GeneFrontier), which include T7 RNAP, at 37 °C for 2 h. The luciferase activity of the mixtures was measured using Luciferase Assay Reagent (Promega) and a luminometer (GloMax, Promega).

Article Title: The SpyBLI cell-free pipeline for the rapid quantification of binding kinetics from crude samples
Article Snippet: In addition to the cell-free blend used in this manuscript, we successfully expressed both nanobodies and scFvs using PUREfrex®2.1 (GeneFrontier PF213) with added PDI Set (GeneFrontier PF006) according to manufacturer's recommendations.

Article Title: Validation and Optimization of PURE Ribosome Display for Screening Synthetic Nanobody Libraries.
Article Snippet: The PUREfrex2.1 Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Kit (GeneFrontier Corporation, Kashiwa, Japan) was used to display synthetic nanobody libraries on ribosomes.



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(A) Representative time-lapse images showing breakage of the connection between the growing tip of a newly-formed ER tubule (magenta) and a lysosome (green) in EGFP-VAPA(KD/MD)-expressing cells. See table S2 for the compromised contact sites upon VAPA(KD/MD) overexpression. See Movie S5. (B) Average velocities (black spots) of initially ER-tethered lysosomes that become detached (red arrow) from their associated ER growing tips. Detachment events are ER-lysosome connection breakages in EGFP-VAPA(KD/MD)-expressing cells as in (A). **= p<0.01, **** = p<0.0001 (Tukey’s one-way ANOVA). Velocities of 22 events from three independent experiments were quantified. See table S3. (C) Left: Diagram depicting the regions defined as perinuclear and peripheral regions for the following quantification of lysosome distribution, same definition for ( E ). Right: Percentage of the ER comprising tubules upon knockdown of lysosome motion adaptors. Data are shown as ± SEM. **** = p<0.0001 (Tukey’s one-way ANOVA). Data from 20 cells from 3 independent experiments were analyzed for each condition. See table S4. (D) Representative images showing the distribution of lysosomes and ER tubules in control cells and in cells treated with siRNAs. (E) i : Diagram depicting individual <t>components</t> of the chemogenetic system. ii : Quantification of lysosome intensity change and percentage of the ER comprising tubules after 1 hr inducer treatment. Data are shown as ± SEM. **** = p<0.0001 (Student’s t test). For lysosome intensity analysis, N = 10, for ER tubule percentage, N = 20. iii : Representative images showing the distribution of lysosomes and ER tubules in control cells and in cells treated with inducers. (F) Optogenetic assay for repositioning of LAMP1. ( G-J ): Live-cell imaging ( G ), representative zoom-ins ( H ), representative kymograph ( I ) and quantification ( J ) of LAMP1-mCherry-iLID and YFP-SEC61B in COS-7 cells expressing opto-kinesin before or during activation. White arrows indicate lysosome pulling ER tubule (yellow asterisk). Quantification shows mean (± S.E.M.) normalized peripheral SEC61 and LAMP1 intensity of 8 cells. Blue box indicates illumination with blue light. Scale bars represent 1 μm in ( A ) ( G ) ( H ) and ( I ), 5 μm in ( D ) and ( E ). s, seconds.
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(A) Representative time-lapse images showing breakage of the connection between the growing tip of a newly-formed ER tubule (magenta) and a lysosome (green) in EGFP-VAPA(KD/MD)-expressing cells. See table S2 for the compromised contact sites upon VAPA(KD/MD) overexpression. See Movie S5. (B) Average velocities (black spots) of initially ER-tethered lysosomes that become detached (red arrow) from their associated ER growing tips. Detachment events are ER-lysosome connection breakages in EGFP-VAPA(KD/MD)-expressing cells as in (A). **= p<0.01, **** = p<0.0001 (Tukey’s one-way ANOVA). Velocities of 22 events from three independent experiments were quantified. See table S3. (C) Left: Diagram depicting the regions defined as perinuclear and peripheral regions for the following quantification of lysosome distribution, same definition for ( E ). Right: Percentage of the ER comprising tubules upon knockdown of lysosome motion adaptors. Data are shown as ± SEM. **** = p<0.0001 (Tukey’s one-way ANOVA). Data from 20 cells from 3 independent experiments were analyzed for each condition. See table S4. (D) Representative images showing the distribution of lysosomes and ER tubules in control cells and in cells treated with siRNAs. (E) i : Diagram depicting individual <t>components</t> of the chemogenetic system. ii : Quantification of lysosome intensity change and percentage of the ER comprising tubules after 1 hr inducer treatment. Data are shown as ± SEM. **** = p<0.0001 (Student’s t test). For lysosome intensity analysis, N = 10, for ER tubule percentage, N = 20. iii : Representative images showing the distribution of lysosomes and ER tubules in control cells and in cells treated with inducers. (F) Optogenetic assay for repositioning of LAMP1. ( G-J ): Live-cell imaging ( G ), representative zoom-ins ( H ), representative kymograph ( I ) and quantification ( J ) of LAMP1-mCherry-iLID and YFP-SEC61B in COS-7 cells expressing opto-kinesin before or during activation. White arrows indicate lysosome pulling ER tubule (yellow asterisk). Quantification shows mean (± S.E.M.) normalized peripheral SEC61 and LAMP1 intensity of 8 cells. Blue box indicates illumination with blue light. Scale bars represent 1 μm in ( A ) ( G ) ( H ) and ( I ), 5 μm in ( D ) and ( E ). s, seconds.
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Image Search Results


(A) Representative time-lapse images showing breakage of the connection between the growing tip of a newly-formed ER tubule (magenta) and a lysosome (green) in EGFP-VAPA(KD/MD)-expressing cells. See table S2 for the compromised contact sites upon VAPA(KD/MD) overexpression. See Movie S5. (B) Average velocities (black spots) of initially ER-tethered lysosomes that become detached (red arrow) from their associated ER growing tips. Detachment events are ER-lysosome connection breakages in EGFP-VAPA(KD/MD)-expressing cells as in (A). **= p<0.01, **** = p<0.0001 (Tukey’s one-way ANOVA). Velocities of 22 events from three independent experiments were quantified. See table S3. (C) Left: Diagram depicting the regions defined as perinuclear and peripheral regions for the following quantification of lysosome distribution, same definition for ( E ). Right: Percentage of the ER comprising tubules upon knockdown of lysosome motion adaptors. Data are shown as ± SEM. **** = p<0.0001 (Tukey’s one-way ANOVA). Data from 20 cells from 3 independent experiments were analyzed for each condition. See table S4. (D) Representative images showing the distribution of lysosomes and ER tubules in control cells and in cells treated with siRNAs. (E) i : Diagram depicting individual components of the chemogenetic system. ii : Quantification of lysosome intensity change and percentage of the ER comprising tubules after 1 hr inducer treatment. Data are shown as ± SEM. **** = p<0.0001 (Student’s t test). For lysosome intensity analysis, N = 10, for ER tubule percentage, N = 20. iii : Representative images showing the distribution of lysosomes and ER tubules in control cells and in cells treated with inducers. (F) Optogenetic assay for repositioning of LAMP1. ( G-J ): Live-cell imaging ( G ), representative zoom-ins ( H ), representative kymograph ( I ) and quantification ( J ) of LAMP1-mCherry-iLID and YFP-SEC61B in COS-7 cells expressing opto-kinesin before or during activation. White arrows indicate lysosome pulling ER tubule (yellow asterisk). Quantification shows mean (± S.E.M.) normalized peripheral SEC61 and LAMP1 intensity of 8 cells. Blue box indicates illumination with blue light. Scale bars represent 1 μm in ( A ) ( G ) ( H ) and ( I ), 5 μm in ( D ) and ( E ). s, seconds.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: The structure and global distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum network is actively regulated by lysosomes

doi: 10.1101/2020.01.15.907444

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative time-lapse images showing breakage of the connection between the growing tip of a newly-formed ER tubule (magenta) and a lysosome (green) in EGFP-VAPA(KD/MD)-expressing cells. See table S2 for the compromised contact sites upon VAPA(KD/MD) overexpression. See Movie S5. (B) Average velocities (black spots) of initially ER-tethered lysosomes that become detached (red arrow) from their associated ER growing tips. Detachment events are ER-lysosome connection breakages in EGFP-VAPA(KD/MD)-expressing cells as in (A). **= p<0.01, **** = p<0.0001 (Tukey’s one-way ANOVA). Velocities of 22 events from three independent experiments were quantified. See table S3. (C) Left: Diagram depicting the regions defined as perinuclear and peripheral regions for the following quantification of lysosome distribution, same definition for ( E ). Right: Percentage of the ER comprising tubules upon knockdown of lysosome motion adaptors. Data are shown as ± SEM. **** = p<0.0001 (Tukey’s one-way ANOVA). Data from 20 cells from 3 independent experiments were analyzed for each condition. See table S4. (D) Representative images showing the distribution of lysosomes and ER tubules in control cells and in cells treated with siRNAs. (E) i : Diagram depicting individual components of the chemogenetic system. ii : Quantification of lysosome intensity change and percentage of the ER comprising tubules after 1 hr inducer treatment. Data are shown as ± SEM. **** = p<0.0001 (Student’s t test). For lysosome intensity analysis, N = 10, for ER tubule percentage, N = 20. iii : Representative images showing the distribution of lysosomes and ER tubules in control cells and in cells treated with inducers. (F) Optogenetic assay for repositioning of LAMP1. ( G-J ): Live-cell imaging ( G ), representative zoom-ins ( H ), representative kymograph ( I ) and quantification ( J ) of LAMP1-mCherry-iLID and YFP-SEC61B in COS-7 cells expressing opto-kinesin before or during activation. White arrows indicate lysosome pulling ER tubule (yellow asterisk). Quantification shows mean (± S.E.M.) normalized peripheral SEC61 and LAMP1 intensity of 8 cells. Blue box indicates illumination with blue light. Scale bars represent 1 μm in ( A ) ( G ) ( H ) and ( I ), 5 μm in ( D ) and ( E ). s, seconds.

Article Snippet: These three features were labelled using MATLAB’s connected components functions.

Techniques: Expressing, Over Expression, Knockdown, Control, Live Cell Imaging, Activation Assay