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compound 21  (Tocris)


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    Structured Review

    Tocris compound 21
    Compound 21, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 41 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/compounds+21/DREADD+agonist+21/pmc12572406-397-0-3
    Average 95 stars, based on 41 article reviews
    compound 21 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
    95/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Sterility:

    Article Title: Prelimbic cortex to ventral tegmental area projection regulates early social isolation stress-potentiated heroin seeking in mice.
    Article Snippet: .. Compound21 (C21, Tocris, Cat. No. 5548, 1mg/mL) was prepared by dissolving in sterile saline and then diluted with sterile saline before use. ..

    Saline:

    Article Title: Prelimbic cortex to ventral tegmental area projection regulates early social isolation stress-potentiated heroin seeking in mice.
    Article Snippet: .. Compound21 (C21, Tocris, Cat. No. 5548, 1mg/mL) was prepared by dissolving in sterile saline and then diluted with sterile saline before use. ..

    Article Title: Prelimbic cortex to ventral tegmental area projection regulates early social isolation stress-potentiated heroin seeking in mice.
    Article Snippet: .. The needle was set in the target position for 10min after the injectionwas completed.Heroin-seeking testwas performed2weeks after surgery, following the acute (30min before heroin seeking) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of C21 (Tocris, Cat. No. 5548) (1mg/kg body weight, in a working solution with saline of 0.1mg/mL57). ..

    Article Title: DREADD agonist Clozapine-N-oxide, but not Compound 21, impairs spatial memory encoding
    Article Snippet: .. Clozapine N-oxide (CNO; 4936, Tocris) and DREADD agonist compound 21 (C21; 5548, Tocris) were dissolved in 10% DMSO in saline, and delivered at 3 mg/kg via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. ..

    Article Title: Dentate gyrus network regulation by somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons differentially impacts spatial memory processing
    Article Snippet: .. To test the effects of interneuron activation on memory encoding, DREADD agonist compound 21 (C21; Tocris; 3 mg/kg in 10% DMSO in saline) was injected i.p. 30 min prior to OLM training (optimizing brain and plasma levels during encoding , ; B). ..

    Article Title: Prelimbic cortex to ventral tegmental area projection regulates early social isolation stress-potentiated heroin seeking in mice
    Article Snippet: .. Heroin-seeking test was performed 2 weeks after surgery, following the acute (30 min before heroin seeking) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of C21 (Tocris, Cat. No. 5548) (1 mg/kg body weight, in a working solution with saline of 0.1 mg/mL ). .. To target the PrL-> VTA projection, 400 nL of AAV2-CMV-eGFP-Cre (Addgene, #105545-AAV2) or DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (BrainVTA, #PT 1143) was bilaterally injected into the PrL (AP: +2.4, ML: ±0.3, DV: −1.8).

    Article Title: A brain–pancreas circuit for regulation of alcohol intake in female mice
    Article Snippet: Blood was also collected from the tail snip using an EDTA-coated capillary tube and immediately centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min for the collection and storage of plasma at -20 °C for insulin measurement via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). .. In time course studies, fasting blood glucose was measured at baseline (0 min, beginning at 1pm), after which mice were administered the DREADD agonist compound 21 (0.3 mg/kg in saline I.P., Tocris Bioscience, catalog #5548) or equivolume saline. ..

    Injection:

    Article Title: Prelimbic cortex to ventral tegmental area projection regulates early social isolation stress-potentiated heroin seeking in mice.
    Article Snippet: .. The needle was set in the target position for 10min after the injectionwas completed.Heroin-seeking testwas performed2weeks after surgery, following the acute (30min before heroin seeking) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of C21 (Tocris, Cat. No. 5548) (1mg/kg body weight, in a working solution with saline of 0.1mg/mL57). ..

    Article Title: DREADD agonist Clozapine-N-oxide, but not Compound 21, impairs spatial memory encoding
    Article Snippet: .. Clozapine N-oxide (CNO; 4936, Tocris) and DREADD agonist compound 21 (C21; 5548, Tocris) were dissolved in 10% DMSO in saline, and delivered at 3 mg/kg via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. ..

    Article Title: Dentate gyrus network regulation by somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons differentially impacts spatial memory processing
    Article Snippet: .. To test the effects of interneuron activation on memory encoding, DREADD agonist compound 21 (C21; Tocris; 3 mg/kg in 10% DMSO in saline) was injected i.p. 30 min prior to OLM training (optimizing brain and plasma levels during encoding , ; B). ..

    Article Title: Prelimbic cortex to ventral tegmental area projection regulates early social isolation stress-potentiated heroin seeking in mice
    Article Snippet: .. Heroin-seeking test was performed 2 weeks after surgery, following the acute (30 min before heroin seeking) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of C21 (Tocris, Cat. No. 5548) (1 mg/kg body weight, in a working solution with saline of 0.1 mg/mL ). .. To target the PrL-> VTA projection, 400 nL of AAV2-CMV-eGFP-Cre (Addgene, #105545-AAV2) or DIO-hM4Di-mCherry (BrainVTA, #PT 1143) was bilaterally injected into the PrL (AP: +2.4, ML: ±0.3, DV: −1.8).

    Activation Assay:

    Article Title: Dentate gyrus network regulation by somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons differentially impacts spatial memory processing
    Article Snippet: .. To test the effects of interneuron activation on memory encoding, DREADD agonist compound 21 (C21; Tocris; 3 mg/kg in 10% DMSO in saline) was injected i.p. 30 min prior to OLM training (optimizing brain and plasma levels during encoding , ; B). ..

    Clinical Proteomics:

    Article Title: Dentate gyrus network regulation by somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons differentially impacts spatial memory processing
    Article Snippet: .. To test the effects of interneuron activation on memory encoding, DREADD agonist compound 21 (C21; Tocris; 3 mg/kg in 10% DMSO in saline) was injected i.p. 30 min prior to OLM training (optimizing brain and plasma levels during encoding , ; B). ..

    Mouse Assay:

    Article Title: Inhibition of Slc17a7 expressing neurons in the basolateral amygdala which project to the nucleus accumbens shapes the fidelity of motivated behavior
    Article Snippet: .. Mice were habituated to handling and scruffing for 3 days prior to initiation of DREADD agonist 21 delivery (C21, Tocris Biosciences, 0.3 mg/kg). ..



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    Image Search Results


    (A) Design of the experiment. CNO, clozapine-N-oxide (150 mg/kg); IP, intraperitoneal; V2, maxillary area; V, von Frey test. (B) The effects of chemogenetic silencing of brushing-activated TRAPed trigeminal ganglia (BA TG) neurons on punctate allodynia. t(6.3) = 6.07; * p < 0.05 in Dunnett post hoc test following two-way ANOVA. (C) In a separate cohort of mice, tamoxifen was administered but face brushing was not performed. CNO at 24 days did not produce analgesia. (D) Design of the experiment. W, nocifensive face wiping behaviors; C21, compound 21 (non-hydrolyzable analogue of clozapine-N-oxide; 1 mmol in 20 mL); V2, maxillary area. (E) Face wiping behaviors were quantified for 20 min following the injection of saline or C21 to V2 skin. t(34) = 2.8, * p < 0.05 in Sidak post hoc testing following two-way ANOVA. n = 5 in mCherry and 6 in hM3Dq. In (B), (C), and (E), the error bars indicate SEM.

    Journal: Cell reports

    Article Title: Genetic identification of mouse trigeminal afferents responsible for mechanical allodynia

    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116803

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Design of the experiment. CNO, clozapine-N-oxide (150 mg/kg); IP, intraperitoneal; V2, maxillary area; V, von Frey test. (B) The effects of chemogenetic silencing of brushing-activated TRAPed trigeminal ganglia (BA TG) neurons on punctate allodynia. t(6.3) = 6.07; * p < 0.05 in Dunnett post hoc test following two-way ANOVA. (C) In a separate cohort of mice, tamoxifen was administered but face brushing was not performed. CNO at 24 days did not produce analgesia. (D) Design of the experiment. W, nocifensive face wiping behaviors; C21, compound 21 (non-hydrolyzable analogue of clozapine-N-oxide; 1 mmol in 20 mL); V2, maxillary area. (E) Face wiping behaviors were quantified for 20 min following the injection of saline or C21 to V2 skin. t(34) = 2.8, * p < 0.05 in Sidak post hoc testing following two-way ANOVA. n = 5 in mCherry and 6 in hM3Dq. In (B), (C), and (E), the error bars indicate SEM.

    Article Snippet: Compound 21 dihydrochloride (C21) , Hello Bio , HB6124.

    Techniques: Injection, Saline