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codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence  (Thermo Fisher)


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    Structured Review

    Thermo Fisher codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence
    a left: model of full-length prefusion S (6VSB_1_1_2 ) with superimposition of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex, all shown in molecular surface representation, with N-glycans in stick representation. R3DC23 VHHs are colored in orange, labeled <t>S</t> <t>protein</t> regions: cytoplasmic domain (red; CP), transmembrane domain (gray; TM), heptad repeat 2 (blue; HR2), S2 stem helix (deep pink; SH), heptad repeat 1 (lemon, HR1), central helix and connector domain (pink; CH-CD), the S1 regions encompassing the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor binding domain (RBD) (light blue). Right: model of the proteolytically processed postfusion S2 subunit (7E9T ), color coded as in prefusion spike. b Side and axial view (inset) of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex (sand and blue, respectively) superimposed with prefusion HR2 coiled-coil (light blue). In R3DC23, CDR1, 2, and 3 are colored magenta, yellow, and cyan, respectively. The HR2-binding epitope spanning D1192 – Y1206 is shown in stick representation. c Close-up of boxed region, encompassing a single VHH and two HR2 copies (i and ii) forming the adjoined binding epitope. Escape mutant positions are labeled in red. d Axial view of HR1-HR2 (lemon and blue) region of postfusion S protein, superimposed with R3DC23 in the HR2 complex (gray). e The amino acids involved in interactions between R3DC23 and two HR2 helices as observed in the crystal of the R3DC23-HR2 complex are indicated in red.
    Codon Optimized Spike Protein Nucleotide Sequence, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base"

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base

    Journal: Nature Communications

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60250-1

    a left: model of full-length prefusion S (6VSB_1_1_2 ) with superimposition of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex, all shown in molecular surface representation, with N-glycans in stick representation. R3DC23 VHHs are colored in orange, labeled S protein regions: cytoplasmic domain (red; CP), transmembrane domain (gray; TM), heptad repeat 2 (blue; HR2), S2 stem helix (deep pink; SH), heptad repeat 1 (lemon, HR1), central helix and connector domain (pink; CH-CD), the S1 regions encompassing the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor binding domain (RBD) (light blue). Right: model of the proteolytically processed postfusion S2 subunit (7E9T ), color coded as in prefusion spike. b Side and axial view (inset) of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex (sand and blue, respectively) superimposed with prefusion HR2 coiled-coil (light blue). In R3DC23, CDR1, 2, and 3 are colored magenta, yellow, and cyan, respectively. The HR2-binding epitope spanning D1192 – Y1206 is shown in stick representation. c Close-up of boxed region, encompassing a single VHH and two HR2 copies (i and ii) forming the adjoined binding epitope. Escape mutant positions are labeled in red. d Axial view of HR1-HR2 (lemon and blue) region of postfusion S protein, superimposed with R3DC23 in the HR2 complex (gray). e The amino acids involved in interactions between R3DC23 and two HR2 helices as observed in the crystal of the R3DC23-HR2 complex are indicated in red.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a left: model of full-length prefusion S (6VSB_1_1_2 ) with superimposition of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex, all shown in molecular surface representation, with N-glycans in stick representation. R3DC23 VHHs are colored in orange, labeled S protein regions: cytoplasmic domain (red; CP), transmembrane domain (gray; TM), heptad repeat 2 (blue; HR2), S2 stem helix (deep pink; SH), heptad repeat 1 (lemon, HR1), central helix and connector domain (pink; CH-CD), the S1 regions encompassing the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor binding domain (RBD) (light blue). Right: model of the proteolytically processed postfusion S2 subunit (7E9T ), color coded as in prefusion spike. b Side and axial view (inset) of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex (sand and blue, respectively) superimposed with prefusion HR2 coiled-coil (light blue). In R3DC23, CDR1, 2, and 3 are colored magenta, yellow, and cyan, respectively. The HR2-binding epitope spanning D1192 – Y1206 is shown in stick representation. c Close-up of boxed region, encompassing a single VHH and two HR2 copies (i and ii) forming the adjoined binding epitope. Escape mutant positions are labeled in red. d Axial view of HR1-HR2 (lemon and blue) region of postfusion S protein, superimposed with R3DC23 in the HR2 complex (gray). e The amino acids involved in interactions between R3DC23 and two HR2 helices as observed in the crystal of the R3DC23-HR2 complex are indicated in red.

    Techniques Used: Labeling, Binding Assay, Mutagenesis

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    Recombinant:

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    Isolation:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
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    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

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    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
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    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
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    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
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    Quantitation Assay:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
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    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Reverse Transcription:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    SYBR Green Assay:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Reporter Assay:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Luciferase:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Expressing:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Plasmid Preparation:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Sequencing:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Clone Assay:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Labeling:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Binding Assay:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!

    Mutagenesis:

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base
    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Article Title: Decoding the transcriptome from bulk RNA of infection-naïve versus imprinted patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529.
    Article Snippet: The results of the melting curve analysis were randomly verified by wholegenome sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 Insight Research Assay (Cat. no. A51305, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) on an Ion Torrent S5 Plus System.

    Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in angiotensin II induced heart-on-a-chip disease model and exosome screening
    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were 1:1000 mouse antiSARS/SARS-CoV-2 N (ThermoFisher Scientific; Catalogue number: MA5-29981; RRID: AB_2785780) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-beta-actin (Abcam; Catalogue number: ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186).

    Article Title: Purification of Messenger RNA Directly from Crude IVT Using Polyethylene Glycol and NaCl Precipitation
    Article Snippet: The increasing demand for mRNA-based therapeutics requires scalable and cost-effective purification methods.. Chromatography-based approaches, such as Oligo-dT affinity chromatography, require multiple processing steps, including buffer exchange and high-temperature treatments, which can lead to mRNA degradation and increased costs.. Although precipitation is commonly used at the lab scale, its application in large-scale mRNA purification remains underexplored.

    Article Title: A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naïve CD4 + T-cell receptor repertoire
    Article Snippet: For 196 of the subjects, the gDNA was used for SNP genotyping with an Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array (Thermo Fisher). gDNA samples were subsequently quantified in duplicate reactions using the PicoGreen dsDNA Quantification Kit (Molecular Probes) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and normalized to 5 ng/μl.

    Article Title: Trans amplifying mRNA vaccine expressing consensus spike elicits broad neutralization of SARS CoV 2 variants.
    Article Snippet: The membrane was probed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1/S2 Polyclonal Antibody (Cat.# PA5-112048), Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, or Non-structural polyprotein Antibody against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain Trinidad donkey) (VEEV) Non-structural polyprotein (Cat.# CSB-PA329710XA41VAZ), Cusabio, USA.

    Article Title: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes.
    Article Snippet: Primary antibody (ThermoFisher MA5-29981) was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid inside the cells, and a secondary antibody (Abcam ab150113) was used to generate a fluorescent signal.

    Article Title: Early innate immune response and evolution of a SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site inactive variant in bat cells.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Q5 High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix New England Biolabs Cat# M0492L Deposited data Raw and analyzed RNAseq data This paper GEO: GSE285756 Proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD058807 Experimental models: Cell lines Vero 76 ATCC Cat# CRL-1587; RRID:CVCL_0603 Vero E6 ATCC Cat# CRL-1586; RRID:CVCL_0574 Vero E6-hTMPRSS2 Xia et al.76 N/A Calu-3 2B4 BEI Resources Cat# NR-55340; RRID:CVCL_YZ47 Calu-3 ATCC Cat# HTB-55; RRID:CVCL_0609 A549 ATCC Cat# CCL-185; RRID:CVCL_0023 A549-hACE2 Clone B9 LeBlanc and Colpitts 109 N/A pEf-Lu (Eptesicus fuscus primary lung cells) This paper N/A Efk3B Banerjee et al.49 N/A Efk3b-hACE2 This paper N/A Efk3B-hACE2+TMPRSS2 This paper N/A RhiLu-hACE2 (Rhinolophus alcyone lung cells) Muth et al.41 N/A HEK293T ATCC Cat# CRL-3216; RRID:CVCL_0063 Oligonucleotides Ra-IFNB F: CTAAGGATCAGGCGGCACTT This paper N/A Ra-IFNB R: AGGCTGGGGATACTCGGTT This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 F: CAAAGTCGTGAAGGGTGGCTC This paper N/A Ra-OAS1 R: AACTTCTGAGGTGGCTGAGG This paper N/A Ra-TNF F: CAGGAGCTACCACGCTTTTC This paper N/A Ra-TNF R: GGGTTCGAGAAGACACTCCAAG This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH F: GACAACTTCGGCATCGTGGA This paper N/A Ra-GAPDH R: TGCCAGTGAGCTTTCCATTGAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 F: GACCACCACTCACCTCTTCAG This paper N/A Ef-IL6 R: TCTGGCCAGTTTTGGAAGGT This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pHDM-Hgpm2 BEI resources Cat# NR-52517 pHDM-Tat1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52518 pRC-CMV-rev1b BEI resources Cat# NR-52519 pHDM-SARS2-S BEI resources Cat# NR-52514 pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc Campeau et al. 110 Addgene; Cat# 17477 pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-Spike This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-dPRRAP This paper N/A pCMV-Tag3B-SARS2-R685P This paper N/A pcDNA3.1-human furin This paper N/A pcDNA3.1 E.fuscus furin This paper N/A pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154981 pWPI-IRES-Bla-Ak-ACE2-TMPRSS2 Gift from Sonja Best Addgene; Cat# 154983 Software and algorithms FlowJo v10 BD https://www.flowjo.com FastQC version 11.5 Babraham Institute https://www.bioinformatics.babraham. ac.uk/projects/fastqc/ TrimGalore!



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    Biotechnology Information yeast codon-optimized nucleotide sequences
    a left: model of full-length prefusion S (6VSB_1_1_2 ) with superimposition of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex, all shown in molecular surface representation, with N-glycans in stick representation. R3DC23 VHHs are colored in orange, labeled <t>S</t> <t>protein</t> regions: cytoplasmic domain (red; CP), transmembrane domain (gray; TM), heptad repeat 2 (blue; HR2), S2 stem helix (deep pink; SH), heptad repeat 1 (lemon, HR1), central helix and connector domain (pink; CH-CD), the S1 regions encompassing the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor binding domain (RBD) (light blue). Right: model of the proteolytically processed postfusion S2 subunit (7E9T ), color coded as in prefusion spike. b Side and axial view (inset) of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex (sand and blue, respectively) superimposed with prefusion HR2 coiled-coil (light blue). In R3DC23, CDR1, 2, and 3 are colored magenta, yellow, and cyan, respectively. The HR2-binding epitope spanning D1192 – Y1206 is shown in stick representation. c Close-up of boxed region, encompassing a single VHH and two HR2 copies (i and ii) forming the adjoined binding epitope. Escape mutant positions are labeled in red. d Axial view of HR1-HR2 (lemon and blue) region of postfusion S protein, superimposed with R3DC23 in the HR2 complex (gray). e The amino acids involved in interactions between R3DC23 and two HR2 helices as observed in the crystal of the R3DC23-HR2 complex are indicated in red.
    Yeast Codon Optimized Nucleotide Sequences, supplied by Biotechnology Information, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    GenScript corporation e. coli codon-optimized nucleotide sequence of smlt1473
    <t>Smlt1473</t> inhibits the mucoid phenotype of P. aeruginosa , but data suggest most effective enzyme concentration varies by isolate. ( A ) Representative image of phenotypic changes for P. aeruginosa UVA 44618 in the presence and absence of Smlt1473 indicating an inhibitory function. ( B–F ) Each isolate of P. aeruginosa was grown in the presence and absence of Smlt1473, plate contents were collected, and uronic acid concentration, which corresponds to alginate content, was quantified. Uronic acid concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 530 nm (A530) of the resulting solution. High A530 corresponds to high alginate content, whereas low A530 corresponds to low alginate content. Y222F is the catalytically inactive form of Smlt1473 used to show that results are due to an active enzyme. The results are means and standard deviations and statistical analysis was performed using a One-way Welch’s ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison post-hoc test.
    E. Coli Codon Optimized Nucleotide Sequence Of Smlt1473, supplied by GenScript corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    GenScript corporation human codon-optimized nucleotide sequence encoding the full-length spike protein
    <t>Smlt1473</t> inhibits the mucoid phenotype of P. aeruginosa , but data suggest most effective enzyme concentration varies by isolate. ( A ) Representative image of phenotypic changes for P. aeruginosa UVA 44618 in the presence and absence of Smlt1473 indicating an inhibitory function. ( B–F ) Each isolate of P. aeruginosa was grown in the presence and absence of Smlt1473, plate contents were collected, and uronic acid concentration, which corresponds to alginate content, was quantified. Uronic acid concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 530 nm (A530) of the resulting solution. High A530 corresponds to high alginate content, whereas low A530 corresponds to low alginate content. Y222F is the catalytically inactive form of Smlt1473 used to show that results are due to an active enzyme. The results are means and standard deviations and statistical analysis was performed using a One-way Welch’s ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison post-hoc test.
    Human Codon Optimized Nucleotide Sequence Encoding The Full Length Spike Protein, supplied by GenScript corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Image Search Results


    Structural representations of FilC and PD-1 proteins (a) FilC – Structural model of the FilC protein, depicting its folded β -sheet arrangement. (b) PD-1 – Structural model of the PD-1 immune checkpoint receptor.

    Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

    Article Title: Novel immune checkpoint inhibitor FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma

    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1622209

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Structural representations of FilC and PD-1 proteins (a) FilC – Structural model of the FilC protein, depicting its folded β -sheet arrangement. (b) PD-1 – Structural model of the PD-1 immune checkpoint receptor.

    Article Snippet: Codon-optimized nucleotide sequences for FilC (GenBank accession no. OR123456 ) and the PD-1 inhibitor (GenBank accession no. OR123457 ) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) and verified by Sanger sequencing prior to cloning.

    Techniques:

    Structural quality assessment of FilC and PD-1 Models (a) FilC Model Validation: Various structural validation metrics, including Rfree, Clashscore, Ramachandran outliers, Sidechain outliers, and RSRZ outliers, are shown. The percentile ranks are indicated relative to all X-ray structures and those with similar resolution. (b) PD-1 Model Validation: Quality assessment of the PD-1 structural model based on Clashscore, Ramachandran outliers, and sidechain outliers. The percentile ranks are provided relative to all NMR structures.

    Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

    Article Title: Novel immune checkpoint inhibitor FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma

    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1622209

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Structural quality assessment of FilC and PD-1 Models (a) FilC Model Validation: Various structural validation metrics, including Rfree, Clashscore, Ramachandran outliers, Sidechain outliers, and RSRZ outliers, are shown. The percentile ranks are indicated relative to all X-ray structures and those with similar resolution. (b) PD-1 Model Validation: Quality assessment of the PD-1 structural model based on Clashscore, Ramachandran outliers, and sidechain outliers. The percentile ranks are provided relative to all NMR structures.

    Article Snippet: Codon-optimized nucleotide sequences for FilC (GenBank accession no. OR123456 ) and the PD-1 inhibitor (GenBank accession no. OR123457 ) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) and verified by Sanger sequencing prior to cloning.

    Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

    Brightfield and fluorescence microscopy images showing vaccinia virus–mediated transgene expression. (a) Brightfield image and (b) corresponding fluorescence image of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 24 h post-infection with vv-PD-1/FilC at an MOI of X pfu/cell. Red fluorescence indicates reporter expression (e.g., mCherry) under the control of the viral promoter. Scale bars: 50 μm. (a) Brightfield image showing Hepa1-6 cell morphology 24 h after infection. (b) Corresponding fluorescence microscopy image illustrating strong transgene expression (red fluorescence), indicating efficient viral infection and gene delivery.

    Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

    Article Title: Novel immune checkpoint inhibitor FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma

    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1622209

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Brightfield and fluorescence microscopy images showing vaccinia virus–mediated transgene expression. (a) Brightfield image and (b) corresponding fluorescence image of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells 24 h post-infection with vv-PD-1/FilC at an MOI of X pfu/cell. Red fluorescence indicates reporter expression (e.g., mCherry) under the control of the viral promoter. Scale bars: 50 μm. (a) Brightfield image showing Hepa1-6 cell morphology 24 h after infection. (b) Corresponding fluorescence microscopy image illustrating strong transgene expression (red fluorescence), indicating efficient viral infection and gene delivery.

    Article Snippet: Codon-optimized nucleotide sequences for FilC (GenBank accession no. OR123456 ) and the PD-1 inhibitor (GenBank accession no. OR123457 ) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) and verified by Sanger sequencing prior to cloning.

    Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Virus, Expressing, Infection, Control

    Time-dependent viral replication kinetics of the FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus in HCC and non-cancerous cell lines. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; error bars represent SD ( n = 3); p < 0.01 compared to non-HCC cell lines at 48 h and 72 h.

    Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

    Article Title: Novel immune checkpoint inhibitor FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma

    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1622209

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-dependent viral replication kinetics of the FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus in HCC and non-cancerous cell lines. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; error bars represent SD ( n = 3); p < 0.01 compared to non-HCC cell lines at 48 h and 72 h.

    Article Snippet: Codon-optimized nucleotide sequences for FilC (GenBank accession no. OR123456 ) and the PD-1 inhibitor (GenBank accession no. OR123457 ) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) and verified by Sanger sequencing prior to cloning.

    Techniques: Recombinant, Virus

    Differential gene expression between FilC/PD-1–treated tumors and controls.

    Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

    Article Title: Novel immune checkpoint inhibitor FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma

    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1622209

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential gene expression between FilC/PD-1–treated tumors and controls.

    Article Snippet: Codon-optimized nucleotide sequences for FilC (GenBank accession no. OR123456 ) and the PD-1 inhibitor (GenBank accession no. OR123457 ) were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) and verified by Sanger sequencing prior to cloning.

    Techniques: Gene Expression

    a left: model of full-length prefusion S (6VSB_1_1_2 ) with superimposition of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex, all shown in molecular surface representation, with N-glycans in stick representation. R3DC23 VHHs are colored in orange, labeled S protein regions: cytoplasmic domain (red; CP), transmembrane domain (gray; TM), heptad repeat 2 (blue; HR2), S2 stem helix (deep pink; SH), heptad repeat 1 (lemon, HR1), central helix and connector domain (pink; CH-CD), the S1 regions encompassing the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor binding domain (RBD) (light blue). Right: model of the proteolytically processed postfusion S2 subunit (7E9T ), color coded as in prefusion spike. b Side and axial view (inset) of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex (sand and blue, respectively) superimposed with prefusion HR2 coiled-coil (light blue). In R3DC23, CDR1, 2, and 3 are colored magenta, yellow, and cyan, respectively. The HR2-binding epitope spanning D1192 – Y1206 is shown in stick representation. c Close-up of boxed region, encompassing a single VHH and two HR2 copies (i and ii) forming the adjoined binding epitope. Escape mutant positions are labeled in red. d Axial view of HR1-HR2 (lemon and blue) region of postfusion S protein, superimposed with R3DC23 in the HR2 complex (gray). e The amino acids involved in interactions between R3DC23 and two HR2 helices as observed in the crystal of the R3DC23-HR2 complex are indicated in red.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that clamp the spike at its base

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60250-1

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a left: model of full-length prefusion S (6VSB_1_1_2 ) with superimposition of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex, all shown in molecular surface representation, with N-glycans in stick representation. R3DC23 VHHs are colored in orange, labeled S protein regions: cytoplasmic domain (red; CP), transmembrane domain (gray; TM), heptad repeat 2 (blue; HR2), S2 stem helix (deep pink; SH), heptad repeat 1 (lemon, HR1), central helix and connector domain (pink; CH-CD), the S1 regions encompassing the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor binding domain (RBD) (light blue). Right: model of the proteolytically processed postfusion S2 subunit (7E9T ), color coded as in prefusion spike. b Side and axial view (inset) of the R3DC23 – HR2 complex (sand and blue, respectively) superimposed with prefusion HR2 coiled-coil (light blue). In R3DC23, CDR1, 2, and 3 are colored magenta, yellow, and cyan, respectively. The HR2-binding epitope spanning D1192 – Y1206 is shown in stick representation. c Close-up of boxed region, encompassing a single VHH and two HR2 copies (i and ii) forming the adjoined binding epitope. Escape mutant positions are labeled in red. d Axial view of HR1-HR2 (lemon and blue) region of postfusion S protein, superimposed with R3DC23 in the HR2 complex (gray). e The amino acids involved in interactions between R3DC23 and two HR2 helices as observed in the crystal of the R3DC23-HR2 complex are indicated in red.

    Article Snippet: For the pCG1-SARS-2-BA.2 Sdel18 expression vector, a codon-optimized spike protein nucleotide sequence containing the BA.2 mutations (T19I, ΔL14-P26, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K) and flanking BamH I and Sal I restriction sites was ordered at GeneArt (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and cloned in the pCG1 vector as a Bam HI/ Sal I fragment.

    Techniques: Labeling, Binding Assay, Mutagenesis

    Smlt1473 inhibits the mucoid phenotype of P. aeruginosa , but data suggest most effective enzyme concentration varies by isolate. ( A ) Representative image of phenotypic changes for P. aeruginosa UVA 44618 in the presence and absence of Smlt1473 indicating an inhibitory function. ( B–F ) Each isolate of P. aeruginosa was grown in the presence and absence of Smlt1473, plate contents were collected, and uronic acid concentration, which corresponds to alginate content, was quantified. Uronic acid concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 530 nm (A530) of the resulting solution. High A530 corresponds to high alginate content, whereas low A530 corresponds to low alginate content. Y222F is the catalytically inactive form of Smlt1473 used to show that results are due to an active enzyme. The results are means and standard deviations and statistical analysis was performed using a One-way Welch’s ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison post-hoc test.

    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

    Article Title: Applying a polysaccharide lyase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to disrupt alginate exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

    doi: 10.1128/aem.01853-24

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Smlt1473 inhibits the mucoid phenotype of P. aeruginosa , but data suggest most effective enzyme concentration varies by isolate. ( A ) Representative image of phenotypic changes for P. aeruginosa UVA 44618 in the presence and absence of Smlt1473 indicating an inhibitory function. ( B–F ) Each isolate of P. aeruginosa was grown in the presence and absence of Smlt1473, plate contents were collected, and uronic acid concentration, which corresponds to alginate content, was quantified. Uronic acid concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 530 nm (A530) of the resulting solution. High A530 corresponds to high alginate content, whereas low A530 corresponds to low alginate content. Y222F is the catalytically inactive form of Smlt1473 used to show that results are due to an active enzyme. The results are means and standard deviations and statistical analysis was performed using a One-way Welch’s ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison post-hoc test.

    Article Snippet: An E. coli codon-optimized nucleotide sequence of Smlt1473 (GenBank accession number CAQ45011 ) was synthesized and cloned into pET-28a(+) using NcoI/XhoI restriction sites (GenScript).

    Techniques: Concentration Assay, Comparison

    SEM images of all mucoid P. aeruginosa isolates treated with Smlt1473 and buffer showing enzymatic inhibition of mucoid phenotype. Samples were grown in the presence of enzyme or buffer, transferred to 12 mm glass slides, glutaraldehyde fixed, and imaged using SEM. Each set of images is shown at 50,000× magnification. The left side of the figure panel depicts samples that were grown in the presence of buffer, whereas the right side shows samples that were grown in the presence of Smlt1473. (A and B) UVA 44618, (C and D) UVA 61605, (E and F) UVA 84977, (G and H) UVA 55009, and (I and J) PDO300.

    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

    Article Title: Applying a polysaccharide lyase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to disrupt alginate exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

    doi: 10.1128/aem.01853-24

    Figure Lengend Snippet: SEM images of all mucoid P. aeruginosa isolates treated with Smlt1473 and buffer showing enzymatic inhibition of mucoid phenotype. Samples were grown in the presence of enzyme or buffer, transferred to 12 mm glass slides, glutaraldehyde fixed, and imaged using SEM. Each set of images is shown at 50,000× magnification. The left side of the figure panel depicts samples that were grown in the presence of buffer, whereas the right side shows samples that were grown in the presence of Smlt1473. (A and B) UVA 44618, (C and D) UVA 61605, (E and F) UVA 84977, (G and H) UVA 55009, and (I and J) PDO300.

    Article Snippet: An E. coli codon-optimized nucleotide sequence of Smlt1473 (GenBank accession number CAQ45011 ) was synthesized and cloned into pET-28a(+) using NcoI/XhoI restriction sites (GenScript).

    Techniques: Inhibition

    Smlt1473 degrades the mucoid biofilm of P. aeruginosa after it has been established on a surface. ( A ) UVA 61605 biofilm after 24 h of growth showing a prominent raised, mucoid phenotype. ( B–F ) Each P. aeruginosa isolate was grown on LB agar for 24 h at 37°C with no treatment to develop an established mucoid phenotype, as shown in panel A. Plate contents were collected, and the alginate-containing biofilm was used as the substrate in the TBA assay. Upon addition of enzyme, alginate is depolymerized via β-elimination mechanism where unsaturated products react with thiobarbituric acid to create a pink chromogen with absorbance at 540 nm. High A540 corresponds to greater alginate depolymerization, and low A540 corresponds to minimal alginate depolymerization. The results presented are means and standard deviations, and statistical analysis was performed using a one-way Welch’s ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison post-hoc tests. ( G ) Representative image displaying the pink chromogen as a result of the addition of Smlt1473 to UVA 55009 biofilm mixture (right) compared with the addition of buffer to the mixture (left).

    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

    Article Title: Applying a polysaccharide lyase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to disrupt alginate exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

    doi: 10.1128/aem.01853-24

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Smlt1473 degrades the mucoid biofilm of P. aeruginosa after it has been established on a surface. ( A ) UVA 61605 biofilm after 24 h of growth showing a prominent raised, mucoid phenotype. ( B–F ) Each P. aeruginosa isolate was grown on LB agar for 24 h at 37°C with no treatment to develop an established mucoid phenotype, as shown in panel A. Plate contents were collected, and the alginate-containing biofilm was used as the substrate in the TBA assay. Upon addition of enzyme, alginate is depolymerized via β-elimination mechanism where unsaturated products react with thiobarbituric acid to create a pink chromogen with absorbance at 540 nm. High A540 corresponds to greater alginate depolymerization, and low A540 corresponds to minimal alginate depolymerization. The results presented are means and standard deviations, and statistical analysis was performed using a one-way Welch’s ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison post-hoc tests. ( G ) Representative image displaying the pink chromogen as a result of the addition of Smlt1473 to UVA 55009 biofilm mixture (right) compared with the addition of buffer to the mixture (left).

    Article Snippet: An E. coli codon-optimized nucleotide sequence of Smlt1473 (GenBank accession number CAQ45011 ) was synthesized and cloned into pET-28a(+) using NcoI/XhoI restriction sites (GenScript).

    Techniques: Comparison

    Stacked 1 H NMR spectra of all five P. aeruginosa isolates showing acetylation and quantitative determination of degree of acetylation. ( A ) Peaks around 2.12ppm are a result of the acetyl group of acetylated sugars, indicating all of the isolates in this study are comprised of acetylated alginate. ( B ) The degree of acetylation was quantitatively determined using a method previously described, further proving that all biofilm samples have some fraction of acetylated alginate. Data in shows that Smlt1473 degrades established mucoid biofilm, and in combination with these NMR and degree of acetylation results, we can conclude that Smlt1473 is effective against acetylated alginate.

    Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

    Article Title: Applying a polysaccharide lyase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to disrupt alginate exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

    doi: 10.1128/aem.01853-24

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Stacked 1 H NMR spectra of all five P. aeruginosa isolates showing acetylation and quantitative determination of degree of acetylation. ( A ) Peaks around 2.12ppm are a result of the acetyl group of acetylated sugars, indicating all of the isolates in this study are comprised of acetylated alginate. ( B ) The degree of acetylation was quantitatively determined using a method previously described, further proving that all biofilm samples have some fraction of acetylated alginate. Data in shows that Smlt1473 degrades established mucoid biofilm, and in combination with these NMR and degree of acetylation results, we can conclude that Smlt1473 is effective against acetylated alginate.

    Article Snippet: An E. coli codon-optimized nucleotide sequence of Smlt1473 (GenBank accession number CAQ45011 ) was synthesized and cloned into pET-28a(+) using NcoI/XhoI restriction sites (GenScript).

    Techniques: