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Arraystar inc circrna microarray
Biogenesis and molecular mechanisms of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in health and disease. a) Generally, circRNAs (intronic, single exonic, multiple exonic and exon–intronic circRNAs) are produced by back-splicing from a single pre-mRNA of protein-coding genes, antisense transcripts or long non-coding RNAs. Another type of <t>circRNA,</t> tricRNA, is generated via a 3′-5′ phosphodiester bond between termini of introns that are removed from pre-tRNA by tRNA splicing enzymes. b–h) circRNAs can regulate transcription and translation, and also play important roles in different biological functions in health and disease. circRNAs can b) function as microRNA sponges, c) interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate transcription of target mRNAs, d) be translated into peptides/proteins, e) stabilise protein complexes, f) produce pseudo-genes by reverse transcription (RT), g) translocate proteins to the nucleus or sequester them in the cytoplasm and h) serve as a molecular biomarker. Through these molecular mechanisms, circRNAs can influence different cellular physiology, such as proliferation and apoptosis.
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1) Product Images from "The role of circular RNAs in pulmonary hypertension"

Article Title: The role of circular RNAs in pulmonary hypertension

Journal: The European respiratory journal

doi: 10.1183/13993003.00012-2022

Biogenesis and molecular mechanisms of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in health and disease. a) Generally, circRNAs (intronic, single exonic, multiple exonic and exon–intronic circRNAs) are produced by back-splicing from a single pre-mRNA of protein-coding genes, antisense transcripts or long non-coding RNAs. Another type of circRNA, tricRNA, is generated via a 3′-5′ phosphodiester bond between termini of introns that are removed from pre-tRNA by tRNA splicing enzymes. b–h) circRNAs can regulate transcription and translation, and also play important roles in different biological functions in health and disease. circRNAs can b) function as microRNA sponges, c) interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate transcription of target mRNAs, d) be translated into peptides/proteins, e) stabilise protein complexes, f) produce pseudo-genes by reverse transcription (RT), g) translocate proteins to the nucleus or sequester them in the cytoplasm and h) serve as a molecular biomarker. Through these molecular mechanisms, circRNAs can influence different cellular physiology, such as proliferation and apoptosis.
Figure Legend Snippet: Biogenesis and molecular mechanisms of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in health and disease. a) Generally, circRNAs (intronic, single exonic, multiple exonic and exon–intronic circRNAs) are produced by back-splicing from a single pre-mRNA of protein-coding genes, antisense transcripts or long non-coding RNAs. Another type of circRNA, tricRNA, is generated via a 3′-5′ phosphodiester bond between termini of introns that are removed from pre-tRNA by tRNA splicing enzymes. b–h) circRNAs can regulate transcription and translation, and also play important roles in different biological functions in health and disease. circRNAs can b) function as microRNA sponges, c) interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate transcription of target mRNAs, d) be translated into peptides/proteins, e) stabilise protein complexes, f) produce pseudo-genes by reverse transcription (RT), g) translocate proteins to the nucleus or sequester them in the cytoplasm and h) serve as a molecular biomarker. Through these molecular mechanisms, circRNAs can influence different cellular physiology, such as proliferation and apoptosis.

Techniques Used: Produced, Generated, RNA Binding Assay, Biomarker Assay

Circular RNA (circRNA)-related publications in different disease conditions in PubMed: 2016–2020. Numbers of articles were retrieved from PubMed (September 2021) using key words searching “circRNA”, “circRNA AND cardiovascular disease”, “circRNA AND lung disease”, “circRNA AND pulmonary hypertension”, “circRNA AND pulmonary arterial hypertension”.
Figure Legend Snippet: Circular RNA (circRNA)-related publications in different disease conditions in PubMed: 2016–2020. Numbers of articles were retrieved from PubMed (September 2021) using key words searching “circRNA”, “circRNA AND cardiovascular disease”, “circRNA AND lung disease”, “circRNA AND pulmonary hypertension”, “circRNA AND pulmonary arterial hypertension”.

Techniques Used:

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in biological processes in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Blue: in vitro findings; red: in vivo findings. circATP2B4, circ_0068481 and circGSAP findings are from studies related to pulmonary arterial hypertension; other circRNA findings represent other types of PH.
Figure Legend Snippet: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in biological processes in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Blue: in vitro findings; red: in vivo findings. circATP2B4, circ_0068481 and circGSAP findings are from studies related to pulmonary arterial hypertension; other circRNA findings represent other types of PH.

Techniques Used: In Vitro, In Vivo

List of circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in pulmonary hypertension (PH)
Figure Legend Snippet: List of circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in pulmonary hypertension (PH)

Techniques Used: Expressing, In Vitro, In Vivo, Migration, In Silico, Activation Assay, Over Expression

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) that have biomarker potential in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
Figure Legend Snippet: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) that have biomarker potential in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Techniques Used: Biomarker Assay, Expressing, Diagnostic Assay



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Mechanisms of action of cirRNA: (A) CircRNAs have the capability to directly interact with transcription complexes, thereby influencing the expression of parental genes. (B) CircRNAs have the ability to act as miRNA sponges. (C) circRNAs can interact with <t>circRNA</t> binding proteins (cRBPs) modulate their functions. (D) CircRNAs have the ability to encode peptides and proteins.
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Comprehensive ceRNA Interaction Networks and Regulatory Axes in GBM. A <t>circRNA/lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA</t> interaction network, illustrating the competitive binding relationships between ncRNAs and mRNAs. The size and color of the nodes represent the strength of interaction and their centrality within the network, respectively. B Regulatory axis network of circRNAs, illustrating the routes of circRNA-mediated control, from circRNAs to miRNAs and on to their mRNA targets. C Regulatory axis network of lncRNAs, outlining specific pathways of regulation from lncRNAs, through miRNAs, to their mRNA targets (color figure online)
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Image Search Results


Mechanisms of action of cirRNA: (A) CircRNAs have the capability to directly interact with transcription complexes, thereby influencing the expression of parental genes. (B) CircRNAs have the ability to act as miRNA sponges. (C) circRNAs can interact with circRNA binding proteins (cRBPs) modulate their functions. (D) CircRNAs have the ability to encode peptides and proteins.

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Recent progress in tuberculosis diagnosis: insights into blood-based biomarkers and emerging technologies

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1567592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanisms of action of cirRNA: (A) CircRNAs have the capability to directly interact with transcription complexes, thereby influencing the expression of parental genes. (B) CircRNAs have the ability to act as miRNA sponges. (C) circRNAs can interact with circRNA binding proteins (cRBPs) modulate their functions. (D) CircRNAs have the ability to encode peptides and proteins.

Article Snippet: circRNA , 2018 , hsa_circ_0001953; hsa_circ_0009024 , Plasma , aTB vs HC , Arraystar circRNA Microarray , qRT-PCR , UP , 72.50% , 96.00% , 0.915(p < 0.001) , Preclinical , ( ) .

Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay

Comprehensive ceRNA Interaction Networks and Regulatory Axes in GBM. A circRNA/lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction network, illustrating the competitive binding relationships between ncRNAs and mRNAs. The size and color of the nodes represent the strength of interaction and their centrality within the network, respectively. B Regulatory axis network of circRNAs, illustrating the routes of circRNA-mediated control, from circRNAs to miRNAs and on to their mRNA targets. C Regulatory axis network of lncRNAs, outlining specific pathways of regulation from lncRNAs, through miRNAs, to their mRNA targets (color figure online)

Journal: Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Article Title: Integrative analysis of glioblastoma multiforme: the power of non-coding RNAs and hub genes in cancer research

doi: 10.1007/s10238-025-01677-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comprehensive ceRNA Interaction Networks and Regulatory Axes in GBM. A circRNA/lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction network, illustrating the competitive binding relationships between ncRNAs and mRNAs. The size and color of the nodes represent the strength of interaction and their centrality within the network, respectively. B Regulatory axis network of circRNAs, illustrating the routes of circRNA-mediated control, from circRNAs to miRNAs and on to their mRNA targets. C Regulatory axis network of lncRNAs, outlining specific pathways of regulation from lncRNAs, through miRNAs, to their mRNA targets (color figure online)

Article Snippet: GSE165926 , circRNA , GPL21825 , Arraystar Human CircRNA microarray , 12/4 , China , 2021.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Control