Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains

doi: 10.3390/biom15020179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-localization of the gintonin (GT)-binding site with the LPA4 receptor subtype and a selective reduction in LPA4 receptor subtype expression levels in patients with AD. ( A ) Representative confocal images of the LPA receptor subtypes (LPAR1, LPAR2, LPAR3, LPAR4, LPAR5, and LPAR6; green) and GT (red) in the cortices of the HCs and patients with AD. Scale bar = 200 μm. The insert images focus on the co-localization between gintonin (GT) and the LAP receptor subtypes. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of the co-localization between the GT and LPA receptor subtypes. ( C – F ) Western blot analysis of the LPA receptor subtypes in brain tissue from the HCs and patients with AD. The results indicate a significant decrease in LPAR4 expression in patients with AD, whereas no significant differences were observed for the other LPA receptor subtypes. Statistical significance was determined using a t -test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Original Western blot images can be found in .

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were mouse anti-NeuN (1:500, #MAB377, EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), rabbit anti-Iba1 (1:500, 019-19741, Wako, Osaka, Japan), FITC-anti-CD11b (1:100, 101206, Bio Legend, San Diego, CA, USA), mouse anti-mouse GFAP (1:500, 3670S, CST, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit anti-LPAR1 (1:500, ALR-031, Alomone labs, Jerusalem, Israel), rabbit anti-LPAR2 (1:500, ALR-032, Alomone labs), rabbit anti-LPAR3 (1:500, ab23692, Abcam, Cambrighe, UK), rabbit anti-LPAR4 (1:500, ALR-034, Alomone labs), rabbit anti-LPAR5 (1:500, ALR-035, Alomone labs), and rabbit anti-LPAR6 (1:500, ALR-036, Alomone labs).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains

doi: 10.3390/biom15020179

Figure Lengend Snippet: The relationship between LPA4 receptor subtype expression in the cortices of HCs and patients with AD. ( A ) Representative confocal images showing DAPI (blue), LPAR4 (green), and NeuN (red) in the cortices of HCs and patients with AD. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of the co-localization between the LPA4 receptor subtype and NeuN. ( C ) Representative confocal images showing DAPI (blue), LPAR4 (green), and GFAP (red) in the brains of HCs and patients with AD. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of the co-localization between the LPA4 receptor subtype and GFAP. ( E ) Representative confocal images showing DAPI (blue), LPAR4 (green), and Iba1 (red) in the cortices of HCs and patients with AD. Scale bar = 100 μm. ( F ) Quantitative analysis of the co-localization between the LPA receptor subtype and Iba 1. Statistical significance was determined using a t -test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were mouse anti-NeuN (1:500, #MAB377, EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), rabbit anti-Iba1 (1:500, 019-19741, Wako, Osaka, Japan), FITC-anti-CD11b (1:100, 101206, Bio Legend, San Diego, CA, USA), mouse anti-mouse GFAP (1:500, 3670S, CST, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit anti-LPAR1 (1:500, ALR-031, Alomone labs, Jerusalem, Israel), rabbit anti-LPAR2 (1:500, ALR-032, Alomone labs), rabbit anti-LPAR3 (1:500, ab23692, Abcam, Cambrighe, UK), rabbit anti-LPAR4 (1:500, ALR-034, Alomone labs), rabbit anti-LPAR5 (1:500, ALR-035, Alomone labs), and rabbit anti-LPAR6 (1:500, ALR-036, Alomone labs).

Techniques: Expressing