Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Dissection of signaling pathways regulating TrkB-dependent gephyrin clustering

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1480820

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemically induced long-term potentiation (chem iLTP) at inhibitory synapses relies on TrkB signaling. (A, B) Representative images of TrkB WT expressing primary neurons after treatment with sham solution (A) or NMDA+CNQX (B) for chem iLTP induction. (A’,B’) Gphn staining. (A”,B”) VGat staining. (A”’,B”’) Gphn/VGat. Scale bars: 5 μm. Overview images and individual datapoints are shown in . (C–G) Analysis of gephyrin clustering in neurons expressing TrkB WT and mutants after chem-iLTP or sham treatment as indicated. Gray dots: sham treatment. Orange dots: chem iLTP. Numerical data are means ± SEM, obtained from three independent experiments.Values are normalized to the corresponding untreated group. Statistical significance was assessed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; non-significant comparisons are not noted). For detailed statistical values refer to . (C) Total somatic gephyrin cluster densities: TrkB WT sham, 1.00 ± 0.05; TrkB WT chem iLTP, 1.14 ± 0.05; TrkB SHC- sham, 1.00 ± 0.05; TrkB SHC- chem iLTP, 1.05 ± 0.05; TrkB PLC- sham, 1.00 ± 0.04; TrkB PLC- sham chem iLTP, 1.12 ± 0.05; TrkB KD, 1.00 ± 0.04; TrkB KD chem iLTP, 1.05 ± 0.05; n = 80–90 somata. (D) Synaptic somatic gephyrin cluster densities. TrkB WT sham, 1.00 ± 0.05; TrkB WT chem iLTP, 1.24 ± 0.07; TrkB SHC- sham, 1.00 ± 0.05; TrkB SHC- chem iLTP, 0.93 ± 0.06; TrkB PLC- sham, 1.00 ± 0.05; TrkB PLC- chem iLTP, 1.03 ± 0.05; TrkB KD, 1.00 ± 0.05; TrkB KD chem iLTP, 0.84 ± 0.05; n = 80–90 somata. (E) Mean gephyrin cluster size. TrkB WT sham, 1.00 ± 0.05; TrkB WT chem iLTP, 1.17 ± 0.05; TrkB SHC- sham, 1.00 ± 0.04; TrkB SHC chem iLTP, 0.94 ± 0.04; TrkB PLC- sham, 1.00 ± 0.04, TrkB PLC- chem iLTP, 1.22 ± 0.05; TrkB KD, 1.00 ± 0.04; TrkB KD chem iLTP, 0.98 ± 0.04; n = 78–90 somata. (F) Mean gephyrin cluster size. CTR sham, 1.00 ± 0.03; CTR chem iLTP, 1.11 ± 0.04; PD98059 sham, 1.00 ± 0.03; PD98059 chem iLTP, 0.90 ± 0.03; KN-62 sham, 1.00 ± 0.03; KN-62 chem iLTP, 1.05 ± 0.03; Cyclotraxin B sham, 1.00 ± 0.03; Cyclotraxin B chem iLTP, 0.90 ± 0.03; n = 82–89 somata. Corresponding microscopic images are shown in .

Article Snippet: At DIV14, the cells were washed and treated with 145 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl, 2 mM MgCl, 10 mM Glucose, 10 mM HEPES ( ) supplemented with 20 μM NMDA and 10 μM CNQX (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ) for 2 min, followed by a recovery period in the treatment solution for 18 min. To inhibit MEK1, CaMKII or TrkB, neurons were treated with either 50 μM PD98059, 3 μM KN-62, 1 μM Cyclotraxin B (all from MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ) or DMSO (CTR) for 30 min in culture medium before induction of chem iLTP as described.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Comparison

Journal: Thoracic Cancer

Article Title: AMPAR receptor inhibitors suppress proliferation of human small cell lung cancer cell lines

doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.15075

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cyanquixaline (CNQX) suppresses the proliferation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines in vivo . (a) Percent change of tumor volume during day 14 to day 28. Each group contained n = 10 mice. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. (b) Tumor volumes in the two groups at day 14 and day 28. (c) The proportion of Ki‐67 + proliferating cells in each group. Representative images of immunostaining are shown. Cell proliferation (red, Ki‐67) and the nucleus (blue, DAPI) are visible. Scale bar, 100 μm. (d) Summary of the results.

Article Snippet: Cyanquixaline (CNQX; #C‐141) was purchased from Alomone Laboratories.

Techniques: In Vivo, Immunostaining, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Thoracic Cancer

Article Title: AMPAR receptor inhibitors suppress proliferation of human small cell lung cancer cell lines

doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.15075

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cyanquixaline (CNQX) inhibits the proliferation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines in vitro. (a) CNQX inhibited the proliferation of six human SCLC cell lines. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of at least two different experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to vehicle at each hour of reagent administration, n = 6. (b) Representative plot of the IC 50 analysis.

Article Snippet: Cyanquixaline (CNQX; #C‐141) was purchased from Alomone Laboratories.

Techniques: In Vitro, Analysis

Journal: eNeuro

Article Title: Hippocampus-Dependent Goal Localization by Head-Fixed Mice in Virtual Reality

doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0369-16.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Statistical table

Article Snippet: The water-soluble competitive AMPA/kainate-type glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX disodium salt (Tocris) was dissolved in cortex buffer (123 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 10 mM glucose, 2 mM CaCl 2 , 2 mM MgCl 2 , and 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml (3.45 mM).

Techniques: Control, Mann-Whitney U-Test

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Light-evoked hyperpolarization and silencing of neurons by conjugated polymers

doi: 10.1038/srep22718

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Analysis of the distribution of neurons grown on either glass:P3HT or glass and responding with a decreased, increased or stable firing rate during the light pulse (Glass:P3HT vs Glass: decreasing 55.56% vs 0.00%; stable 37.04% vs 100.00%, increasing 7.40% vs 0.00%). The percentage of cell showing a decrease during the pulse on glass:P3HT is statistically significant with respect to those on glass (p < 0.0001, Fisher’s test). For neurons on glass:P3HT showing a decrease in the firing rate during the light pulse, the distribution of the response after the pulse is also described as part of the whole (decreasing 13.33%; stable 20.00%, increasing 66.67%). ( b ) Mean (±sem) hyperpolarization amplitude recorded in neurons grown on glass:P3HT (grey and black bars) or glass (white bar) in the presence of the synaptic blockers AP5/CNQX/PTX (glass:P3HT, −5.74 ± 0.71 mV, n = 27; glass:P3HT with blockers, −5.62 ± 1.55 mV, n = 14; Glass, −1.08 ± 0.10 mV, n = 14; Glass:P3HT vs Glass ****p < 0.0001, Glass:P3HT Blockers vs Glass ****p < 0.0001, Glass:P3HT vs Glass:P3HT Blockers p > 0.9999; Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test). ( c ) Linear correlation between the hyperpolarization amplitude during illumination and the firing rate after illumination in individual neurons grown on glass:P3HT (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.69, n = 27; p < 0.001). ( d ) Amplitude of the hyperpolarization response to 15 consecutive stimulations (green bars) performed at 0.1 Hz. Potential traces were averaged over the recorded cells on glass:P3HT ( n = 27). Left panel: full traces for sweeps 1, 2 and 15. Right panel: average hyperpolarization amplitude of cells grown onto glass:P3HT over the repeated stimulations (sweeps 1–15).

Article Snippet: To block excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, recordings were performed in the presence of AP5 (50 μM), CNQX (10 μM) and PTX (100 μM) all from Tocris (USA).

Techniques: Comparison