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gpr34  (MedChemExpress)
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MedChemExpress gpr34
<t>GPR34</t> is upregulated in the tissues of patients with HCC and is mainly expressed in intratumoral macrophages. ( A ) Heatmap displaying the expression patterns of selected genes constituting the model in TCGA-LIHC database. ( B ) Comparative analysis of GPR34 mRNA expression between HCC and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues in TCGA-LIHC database. ( C ) Comparative analysis of GPR34 mRNA expression in HCC and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues obtained from Zhongshan Hospital. ( D ) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores of GPR34 expression in HCC tissues versus adjacent peritumor tissues. ( E ) Representative immunofluorescence images showing co-localization of GPR34 (green) with the macrophage marker CD68 (red) in HCC tissues. ( F ) Violin plots illustrating GPR34 expression across different cell populations from GSE125449 . ( G ) Violin plots illustrating GPR34 expression across different cell populations rom GSE146115 . ( H ) Analysis of single-cell data from GSE125449 using the TISCH tool, with a t-SNE plot of all single cells colored by GPR34 expression level. ( I ) Analysis of single-cell data from GSE146115 using the TISCH tool, with a t-SNE plot of all single cells colored by GPR34 expression level
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GPR34 is upregulated in the tissues of patients with HCC and is mainly expressed in intratumoral macrophages. ( A ) Heatmap displaying the expression patterns of selected genes constituting the model in TCGA-LIHC database. ( B ) Comparative analysis of GPR34 mRNA expression between HCC and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues in TCGA-LIHC database. ( C ) Comparative analysis of GPR34 mRNA expression in HCC and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues obtained from Zhongshan Hospital. ( D ) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores of GPR34 expression in HCC tissues versus adjacent peritumor tissues. ( E ) Representative immunofluorescence images showing co-localization of GPR34 (green) with the macrophage marker CD68 (red) in HCC tissues. ( F ) Violin plots illustrating GPR34 expression across different cell populations from GSE125449 . ( G ) Violin plots illustrating GPR34 expression across different cell populations rom GSE146115 . ( H ) Analysis of single-cell data from GSE125449 using the TISCH tool, with a t-SNE plot of all single cells colored by GPR34 expression level. ( I ) Analysis of single-cell data from GSE146115 using the TISCH tool, with a t-SNE plot of all single cells colored by GPR34 expression level

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: GPR34 inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and enhances the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-04030-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: GPR34 is upregulated in the tissues of patients with HCC and is mainly expressed in intratumoral macrophages. ( A ) Heatmap displaying the expression patterns of selected genes constituting the model in TCGA-LIHC database. ( B ) Comparative analysis of GPR34 mRNA expression between HCC and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues in TCGA-LIHC database. ( C ) Comparative analysis of GPR34 mRNA expression in HCC and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues obtained from Zhongshan Hospital. ( D ) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores of GPR34 expression in HCC tissues versus adjacent peritumor tissues. ( E ) Representative immunofluorescence images showing co-localization of GPR34 (green) with the macrophage marker CD68 (red) in HCC tissues. ( F ) Violin plots illustrating GPR34 expression across different cell populations from GSE125449 . ( G ) Violin plots illustrating GPR34 expression across different cell populations rom GSE146115 . ( H ) Analysis of single-cell data from GSE125449 using the TISCH tool, with a t-SNE plot of all single cells colored by GPR34 expression level. ( I ) Analysis of single-cell data from GSE146115 using the TISCH tool, with a t-SNE plot of all single cells colored by GPR34 expression level

Article Snippet: In contrast to the control group, pharmacological inhibition of GPR34 using GPR34 receptor antagonist 2 (also named Compound D2, obtained from MedChemExpress) resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the M1 marker CD86 while decreasing the expression of the M2 marker CD206.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Marker

Inhibition of GPR34 promotes macrophage towards M1 polarization. ( A ) Positive correlations between GPR34 expression and the levels of M2 markers (CD163, IL10, MRC1 and CLEC10A) in TCGA-LIHC. ( B ) Schematic representation of in vitro induction of TAM-like BMDMs. ( C ) Western blot analysis of GPR34 expression in untreated or TCM-educated BMDMs. β-Actin was used as the loading control. ( D-E ) The mRNA levels of GPR34 in the indicated groups. ( F-G ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 and CD206 on TCM-educated BMDMs treated with either 0.5 µM or 1.0 µM GPR34 receptor antagonist 2 (GPR34 inhibitor) or vehicle. ( H ) qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA levels of immune-regulatory genes in the indicated groups

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: GPR34 inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and enhances the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-04030-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of GPR34 promotes macrophage towards M1 polarization. ( A ) Positive correlations between GPR34 expression and the levels of M2 markers (CD163, IL10, MRC1 and CLEC10A) in TCGA-LIHC. ( B ) Schematic representation of in vitro induction of TAM-like BMDMs. ( C ) Western blot analysis of GPR34 expression in untreated or TCM-educated BMDMs. β-Actin was used as the loading control. ( D-E ) The mRNA levels of GPR34 in the indicated groups. ( F-G ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 and CD206 on TCM-educated BMDMs treated with either 0.5 µM or 1.0 µM GPR34 receptor antagonist 2 (GPR34 inhibitor) or vehicle. ( H ) qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA levels of immune-regulatory genes in the indicated groups

Article Snippet: In contrast to the control group, pharmacological inhibition of GPR34 using GPR34 receptor antagonist 2 (also named Compound D2, obtained from MedChemExpress) resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the M1 marker CD86 while decreasing the expression of the M2 marker CD206.

Techniques: Inhibition, Expressing, In Vitro, Western Blot, Control, Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR

GPR34 modulates macrophage polarization through the PI3K/AKT pathway. ( A-B ) GSEA analysis demonstrates the downregulation of signature genes of PI3K/AKT pathways in GPR34 high macrophages versus GPR34 low macrophages. ( C ) Western blot analysis of PI3K/AKT pathways in TAMs treated with either GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM) or vehicle. ( D-E ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 and CD206 on TCM-educated BMDMs treated with either GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM), or SC79 (10 µM), SC79 (10 µM) + GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM). ( F-G ) Proportion of IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells and GZMB + CD8 + T cells after co-culturing with TCM-educated BMDMs treated with either GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM), SC79 (10 µM), or SC79 (10 µM) + GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM)

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: GPR34 inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and enhances the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-04030-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: GPR34 modulates macrophage polarization through the PI3K/AKT pathway. ( A-B ) GSEA analysis demonstrates the downregulation of signature genes of PI3K/AKT pathways in GPR34 high macrophages versus GPR34 low macrophages. ( C ) Western blot analysis of PI3K/AKT pathways in TAMs treated with either GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM) or vehicle. ( D-E ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 and CD206 on TCM-educated BMDMs treated with either GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM), or SC79 (10 µM), SC79 (10 µM) + GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM). ( F-G ) Proportion of IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells and GZMB + CD8 + T cells after co-culturing with TCM-educated BMDMs treated with either GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM), SC79 (10 µM), or SC79 (10 µM) + GPR34 inhibitor (1 µM)

Article Snippet: In contrast to the control group, pharmacological inhibition of GPR34 using GPR34 receptor antagonist 2 (also named Compound D2, obtained from MedChemExpress) resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the M1 marker CD86 while decreasing the expression of the M2 marker CD206.

Techniques: Western Blot, Flow Cytometry

The anti-cancer effect of GPR34 inhibition in vivo depends on macrophages. ( A ) Schematic of the experimental design for treating C57BL/6 mice bearing HCC tumors with clodronate liposomes (Clodro) and a GPR34 inhibitor. ( B-E ) Analysis of orthotopic HCC tumors in mice treated with the GPR34 inhibitor, Clodro, GPR34 inhibitor combined with Clodro, or control. Representative bioluminescence images and corresponding statistical analyses depicting tumor weights are shown. ( F-H ) Tumor growth curves and tumor weights of Hepa1-6 subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6 mice treated with GPR34 inhibitor, Clodro, GPR34 inhibitor combined with Clodro, or an isotype control

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: GPR34 inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and enhances the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-04030-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: The anti-cancer effect of GPR34 inhibition in vivo depends on macrophages. ( A ) Schematic of the experimental design for treating C57BL/6 mice bearing HCC tumors with clodronate liposomes (Clodro) and a GPR34 inhibitor. ( B-E ) Analysis of orthotopic HCC tumors in mice treated with the GPR34 inhibitor, Clodro, GPR34 inhibitor combined with Clodro, or control. Representative bioluminescence images and corresponding statistical analyses depicting tumor weights are shown. ( F-H ) Tumor growth curves and tumor weights of Hepa1-6 subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6 mice treated with GPR34 inhibitor, Clodro, GPR34 inhibitor combined with Clodro, or an isotype control

Article Snippet: In contrast to the control group, pharmacological inhibition of GPR34 using GPR34 receptor antagonist 2 (also named Compound D2, obtained from MedChemExpress) resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the M1 marker CD86 while decreasing the expression of the M2 marker CD206.

Techniques: Inhibition, In Vivo, Liposomes, Control

GPR34 inhibitor boosts the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in HCC in vivo. ( A ) Schematic diagram of the treatment protocol for anti-PD-1 therapy and GPR34 inhibitor in C57BL/6 mice bearing HCC tumors. ( B-E ) Analysis of orthotopic HCC tumors in mice treated with GPR34 inhibitor alone, anti-PD-1 alone, combination therapy of GPR34 inhibitor with anti-PD-1, or an isotype control. ( F-G ) Tumor weights of Hepa1-6 subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6 mice treated with either GPR34 inhibitor alone, anti-PD-1 alone, combination therapy of GPR34 inhibitor with anti-PD-1, or an isotype control. ( H-I ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD11b + F4/80 + CD86 + cells, CD11b + F4/80 + CD206 + cells, CD8 + T cells, IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells and PD-1 + CD8 + T cells in the indicated groups

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: GPR34 inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and enhances the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-04030-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: GPR34 inhibitor boosts the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in HCC in vivo. ( A ) Schematic diagram of the treatment protocol for anti-PD-1 therapy and GPR34 inhibitor in C57BL/6 mice bearing HCC tumors. ( B-E ) Analysis of orthotopic HCC tumors in mice treated with GPR34 inhibitor alone, anti-PD-1 alone, combination therapy of GPR34 inhibitor with anti-PD-1, or an isotype control. ( F-G ) Tumor weights of Hepa1-6 subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6 mice treated with either GPR34 inhibitor alone, anti-PD-1 alone, combination therapy of GPR34 inhibitor with anti-PD-1, or an isotype control. ( H-I ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD11b + F4/80 + CD86 + cells, CD11b + F4/80 + CD206 + cells, CD8 + T cells, IFN-γ + CD8 + T cells and PD-1 + CD8 + T cells in the indicated groups

Article Snippet: In contrast to the control group, pharmacological inhibition of GPR34 using GPR34 receptor antagonist 2 (also named Compound D2, obtained from MedChemExpress) resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the M1 marker CD86 while decreasing the expression of the M2 marker CD206.

Techniques: In Vivo, Control, Flow Cytometry

Macrophage GPR34 expression is markedly linked to the prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with HCC. ( A ) Representative IHC images demonstrating both low and high levels of GPR34 and CD68 expression in HCC tissues. ( B-C ) OS curves for patients patients with stratified on the basis of low and high GPR34 or CD68 expression in the Zhongshan cohort ( n = 88). ( D ) OS curves for patients with HCC categorized by low and high co-expression levels of GPR34/CD68 in the Zhongshan cohort. ( E ) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans showcasing patients with HCC undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy with either progressive disease (PD) or partial response (PR). ( F ) Representative IF images illustrating the expression patterns of GPR34, CD68, and CD8 in tumor tissues from anti-PD-1-treated patients with HCC showing PD or PR. ( G-I ) Expression profiles of GPR34, CD68, and CD8 in patients with HCC receiving anti-PD-1 therapy

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: GPR34 inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and enhances the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-04030-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophage GPR34 expression is markedly linked to the prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with HCC. ( A ) Representative IHC images demonstrating both low and high levels of GPR34 and CD68 expression in HCC tissues. ( B-C ) OS curves for patients patients with stratified on the basis of low and high GPR34 or CD68 expression in the Zhongshan cohort ( n = 88). ( D ) OS curves for patients with HCC categorized by low and high co-expression levels of GPR34/CD68 in the Zhongshan cohort. ( E ) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans showcasing patients with HCC undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy with either progressive disease (PD) or partial response (PR). ( F ) Representative IF images illustrating the expression patterns of GPR34, CD68, and CD8 in tumor tissues from anti-PD-1-treated patients with HCC showing PD or PR. ( G-I ) Expression profiles of GPR34, CD68, and CD8 in patients with HCC receiving anti-PD-1 therapy

Article Snippet: In contrast to the control group, pharmacological inhibition of GPR34 using GPR34 receptor antagonist 2 (also named Compound D2, obtained from MedChemExpress) resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the M1 marker CD86 while decreasing the expression of the M2 marker CD206.

Techniques: Expressing, Magnetic Resonance Imaging