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Oxford Instruments usvs
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Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
50 Khz Ultrasonic Vocalizations Usvs, supplied by Dawley Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
Usvs, supplied by Kikusui Electronics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
Ith Usv, supplied by Coriolis Pharma, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Purdue University Cytometry custombuilt usv system
Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
Custombuilt Usv System, supplied by Purdue University Cytometry, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Knowles Electronics usv microphone knowles electronics, il spu0410lr5h
Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
Usv Microphone Knowles Electronics, Il Spu0410lr5h, supplied by Knowles Electronics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Seafloor Systems Inc usv echoboat
Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
Usv Echoboat, supplied by Seafloor Systems Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Males emit more “positive” <t>50</t> <t>kHz</t> <t>USVs</t> during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds
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Image Search Results


Males emit more “positive” 50 kHz USVs during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds

Journal: Psychopharmacology

Article Title: Marked sex differences are observed in heroin acquisition and affective states in rats but converge to similar levels of footshock stress-induced reinstatement

doi: 10.1007/s00213-025-06920-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Males emit more “positive” 50 kHz USVs during acquisition of heroin self-administration compared to females, with call emission tied to infusion experience. a. 50 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. Boxed region indicates day of 50 kHz behavioral session call analysis performed in a’ and a”. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. a’. Timeline for behavioral session call analysis on Day 11 of acquisition. Call rates were examined before, during, and after heroin infusion, as well as non-specific calling outside of these contexts. Call rates were normalized based upon amount of time to allow for direct comparison (5s for before/after infusion; calculated based upon pump time during infusion; remaining time for non-specific calling derived from the above contexts). Note that while the figure illustrates the temporal structure of the analysis, individual calls are not visible due to the long timescale. a”. 50 kHz USV emission in relation to “infusion context”. Males call at significantly higher rates than females before and after infusions. Additionally, males call at significantly higher rates before and after heroin infusion compared to call rates outside of infusion contexts. n(♂) = 10, n(♀) = 16. b. 22 kHz USV emission during acquisition; analyzed on Mondays and Fridays over the course of self-administration. n(♂) = 14, n(♀) = 17. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons. ** indicates main effects in two- or three-way ANOVA or post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). †† indicates p < 0.01 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). †††† indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Male Behavioral Session Calls). ^^^^ indicates p < 0.001 by post-hoc Tukey’s (Panel a, Male Anticipatory Calls vs. Female Anticipatory Calls). INF = infusion. s = seconds

Article Snippet: 22- and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), reflecting negative and positive affective state, respectively, were recorded during a heroin self-administration and footshock stress-induced reinstatement model in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Techniques: Comparison, Derivative Assay

Stress-induced reinstatement behaviors are accompanied by a characteristic pattern of anticipatory 50 kHz USVs, followed by 22 kHz USV emission by males during reinstatement sessions. (a) 50 kHz USV emission patterns in baseline and reinstatement sessions. (b) 22 kHz USV emission patterns in baseline and reinstatement sessions. REIN anticipatory USVs were measured in an interim period between footshock and the start of behavioral sessions. n(♂) = 13, n(♀) = 15. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons (Panel a) or Dunn’s (Panel b; Male REIN Behavioral Session compared to male and female 22 kHz USVs at all other time points, see text for details of comparisons). ** indicates main effects in two-way ANOVA (p < 0.01). REIN = reinstatement

Journal: Psychopharmacology

Article Title: Marked sex differences are observed in heroin acquisition and affective states in rats but converge to similar levels of footshock stress-induced reinstatement

doi: 10.1007/s00213-025-06920-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Stress-induced reinstatement behaviors are accompanied by a characteristic pattern of anticipatory 50 kHz USVs, followed by 22 kHz USV emission by males during reinstatement sessions. (a) 50 kHz USV emission patterns in baseline and reinstatement sessions. (b) 22 kHz USV emission patterns in baseline and reinstatement sessions. REIN anticipatory USVs were measured in an interim period between footshock and the start of behavioral sessions. n(♂) = 13, n(♀) = 15. Error bars represent SEMs. * indicates p < 0.05 by post-hoc Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons (Panel a) or Dunn’s (Panel b; Male REIN Behavioral Session compared to male and female 22 kHz USVs at all other time points, see text for details of comparisons). ** indicates main effects in two-way ANOVA (p < 0.01). REIN = reinstatement

Article Snippet: 22- and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), reflecting negative and positive affective state, respectively, were recorded during a heroin self-administration and footshock stress-induced reinstatement model in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Techniques: