Journal: Science advances

Article Title: Highly efficient microbial inactivation enabled by tunneling charges injected through two-dimensional electronics.

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5067

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Efficacy of scaled-up TCD device for microbial inactivation. (A) Schematic of microbial inactivation process using the scaled-up TCD device, where aerosols containing bacteria or viruses are dispersed on the device surface after charge injection. (B) Microbial inactivation efficiency for different model microorganisms [E. coli (gram-negative bacterium), B. subtilis (gram-positive bacterium), and MS2 bacteriophage (virus)]. (C) Effect of graphene on the microbial inactivation efficiency. No charg- ing voltage is applied to the device. (D) Effect of charging voltage on microbial inactivation efficiency. (E) Images showing the concentration of E. coli (left), B. subtilis (middle), and MS2 (right) at charging voltages of 20 and 1 V using the scaled-up TCD device. (F) Effect of humidity (up to 90%) and temperature (up to 60°C) on the effi- cacy of the TCD device for E. coli inactivation after 48 and 72 hours. (G) Efficacy of TCD device for bacterial inactivation when treating intermittently applied aerosols containing E. coli or B. subtilis. In (B) to (E), the experiment is performed at a fixed temperature (20°C) and humidity (30%). In (E) to (G), the TCD device is charged to 10 V, and microorganisms are measured after 1 min of attachment. Dashed lines indicate that all microorganisms are inactivated (i.e., no live microorganisms detected). Error bars represent SD (n = 3). Significant differences among groups are indicated by * and ** for P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

Article Snippet: The morphology of the E. coli before and after attachment to the TCD device was evaluated using SEM (SU8230, Hitachi).

Techniques: Bacteria, Injection, Virus, Concentration Assay

Journal: Science advances

Article Title: Highly efficient microbial inactivation enabled by tunneling charges injected through two-dimensional electronics.

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5067

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Investigation of antimicrobial mechanism of TCD device. (A) SEM images of bacteria (E. coli; top) and TEM images of virus (MS2; bottom) before and after attach- ment to TCD. (B) Fluorescence microscopy showing bright-field (total bacteria) and fluorescence (membrane-damaged bacteria) images of E. coli before (top) and after (bottom) attachment to TCD. (C) Change in membrane permeability of E. coli and B. subtilis (top) and percentage of bacteria with damaged membrane structures (bottom) after attachment to TCD at different charging voltages (1 to 20 V). (D) Intracellular generation of ROS after attachment to TCD. (E) Activity of bacterial superoxide dis- mutase enzyme. (F) Activity of bacterial antioxidant enzymes. (G) Intracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) levels in TCD-treated bacteria. (H) Expression of key genes related to ROS production and DNA integration/repair. Microorganisms were evaluated after 1 min of attachment. In (A), (B), and (D) to (H), the TCD device is charged to 10 V. The experiment is performed at a fixed temperature (20°C) and humidity (30%). Error bars represent SD (n = 3). Significant differences among groups are indicated by * and ** for P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

Article Snippet: The morphology of the E. coli before and after attachment to the TCD device was evaluated using SEM (SU8230, Hitachi).

Techniques: Bacteria, Virus, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Membrane, Permeability, Activity Assay, Expressing

Journal: Science advances

Article Title: Highly efficient microbial inactivation enabled by tunneling charges injected through two-dimensional electronics.

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5067

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Antimicrobial mechanism of TCD device and its potential application. (A and B) Schematic illustration of bacterial (A) and viral (B) inactivation mechanisms involved in the TCD process based on electron transfer. (C) Potential application scenario of the TCD device on high-touch surfaces in indoor environments (e.g., elevator buttons and armrests in hospitals). (D) Unique properties (reliability and robustness) of the TCD device for microbial inactivation in practical applications.

Article Snippet: The morphology of the E. coli before and after attachment to the TCD device was evaluated using SEM (SU8230, Hitachi).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Cerebral hemodynamic response to upright position in acute ischemic stroke

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1392773

Figure Lengend Snippet: The TCD study protocol. This protocol was performed within 48h of stroke onset, again between 3 and 7 days for participants with stroke, and once for controls. TCD, transcranial Doppler ultrasound; MCA, middle cerebral artery; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; O 2 , Oxygen saturation.

Article Snippet: MCA signals (peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities) were located bilaterally at a depth of 55 mm using a Compumedics DWL Doppler Box digital TCD device.

Techniques: