Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Number of articles published on SOFC modeling from 1974 to 2023. (Data from SCOPUS database, searching for the keywords (SOFC OR (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) AND (Model OR Modeling) in the title, abstract, or keywords).

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the number of published articles on SOFC modeling by country and research institution. (Data from SCOPUS database, searching for the keywords (SOFC OR (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) AND (Model OR Modeling) in the title, abstract, or keywords.)

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: SOFC power plant for Adobe installed by Bloom Energy.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of different SOFC structures: (a) planar SOFC structure; (b) tubular SOFC structure; (c) flat tubular SOFC structure; (d) MOLB-type SOFC structure. Redrawn and modified with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Chemistry Bulletin (Chinese).

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Modification

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the top–down approach for reviewing multiscale SOFC models. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Energy conversion of each component of a planar SOFC along the gas channel. Q represents the heat source, and the subscripts conv, cond, and rad represent heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation, respectively. The subscripts ref and WGS indicate reforming and WGS reactions, respectively. The subscripts in and out refer to the inlet and outlet, respectively. The subscripts a and c refer to the anode and cathode, respectively. The subscript CON refers to the interconnector. H is the gas enthalpy. The subscript Iη refers to the irreversible heat generated by electrochemical reactions. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Convection, Generated

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the SOFC-Engine hybrid system. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) SOFC segments along the longitudinal direction and (b) the energy conservation equation with control volumes. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2005 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of SOFC discretization and heat transfer processes at a node. The subscripts cd, cv, and r refer to heat conduction, convection, and radiation, respectively. The subscripts f, a, s, 1, and 2 represent the fuel channel, air channel, solid cell, inlet, and outlet, respectively. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Convection

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) 3D planar SOFC unit, (b) 3D single-channel SOFC geometry along the main flow direction, and (c) 2D single-channel SOFC geometry along the main flow direction.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the SOFC-H structure and (b) the SOFC-O structure. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2008 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) an anode-supported planar SOFC stack; (b) cross-section of the stack; (c) distributions of H 2 and O 2 concentrations in a single cell; (d) distributions of H 2 and O 2 concentrations in the stack. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2012 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distributions of O 2 concentrations at the cathode–electrolyte interface of SOFC stacks with (a) conventional straight channel, (b) discrete rectangular ribs; (c) discrete cylindrical ribs; (d) discrete rhombus ribs; (e) straight flow channels; (f) corrugated ribs; (g) trapezoid ribs; and (h) crisscross rectangular ribs; (i) I − V curves without considering the effect of ASR; (h) net power gain. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Conventional SOFC; (b) novel SOFC with bi-layer interconnector. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2011 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the SOFC with a conventional interconnector and (b) the SOFC using metal foam instead of a cathode rib. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the 3D structure of a single-channel SOFC; (b) cross-section of the x–z plane; (c) enlarged view of the PEN structure; (d) schematic diagram of an anode with gradient porosity. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 ASME.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Geometric structure diagram of a cone-shaped tubular segmented SOFC. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of 2D tubular SOFC structure with added catalytic functional layer. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of I–V and power density curves of NH 3 -fed SOFC-O and NH 3 -fed SOFC-H at operating temperatures of (a) 700 °C and (b) 800 °C. Comparison of (c) I–V curves and (d) power density curves for four cell types at an operating temperature of 800 °C (AS: anode supported). Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Four stages of SOFC fabrication and operation. (b) SOFC stress simulation analysis process. (c) the failure probability of different components during the heating process. (d) the failure probability of different components during the reduction process. (e) the maximum principal stress of different components at different operating temperatures. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 IOP science.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of geometric structure of an SOFC with three different contact modes of the cathode–electrolyte interface. #1, 1 × 1 active site; #2, 3 × 3 active sites; #3, 18 × 18 active sites. Reproduced with permission from ref. Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of a SOFC stack with (a) double-sided cathode channel; (b) stack assembly; (c) Z-type parallel cathode flow channel structure; (d) triple-parallel serpentine cathode flow channel structure. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 IOP science.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Cross-section of a single-channel cell. The maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature difference in the SOFC unit with time for different (b) channel height/width (α) and (c) channel width/rib width (β) values. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 AIP.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Voltage drops of an SOFC in atmosphere with different phosphine concentrations. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model framework of a large stack SOFC simulation. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of SOFC digital twin architecture. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Length and time scales for different SOFC models. Reproduced with permission from refs ( , , and ). Copyright 2007, 2010, 2021 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of model of SOFC fueled by H 2 /NH 3 with (a) O 2 spillover and (b) H 2 spillover. (c) variation of surface species concentrations in SOFC and SOEC modes with H 2 spillover mechanism. (d) sensitivity of each charge transfer reaction, surface elementary reaction, or surface diffusion coefficient in SOEC and SOFC modes. R9 and R10 refer to eqs and , respectively. Reproduced with permission from refs ( , ). Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) micro-CT set-up and (b) nano-CT set-up; (c) reconstructed slices of the SOFC; (d) spongy anode substrate; (e) 3D volume rendering of the segmented micro channels SOFC; (f) 3D volume rendering of the segmented spongy anode; (g) SOFC with finger-like microchannels; (h) concentration gradient of the diffusion simulation on the pore phase of the segmented volume in (f). Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Micro-CT, Concentration Assay, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Full life cycle of an SOFC electrode from powder to pressed tablet to sintered cell. (b) schematic illustration of the “powder-to-power” simulation framework comprising three modules: Module 1 uses DEM to simulate the mesoscopic structure of the electrode obtained after powder laminating, then PFM is used to trace the mesoscopic structure of the electrode during sintering, reduction, and long-term operation; Module 2 establishes the heterogeneous multiphysics field model of the electrode using LBM to simulate the life-cycle performance; and Module 3 uses a support vector machine to obtain the surrogate heterogeneous model of the electrode and adopts a multiobjective GA to optimize electrode performance. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Diagram of PEN structure, reaction process, and Ni coarsening process of direct NH 3 -fed SOFC. (b) coupling relationship between mesoscopic electrode evolution model and macroscopic single-channel cell transient degradation model. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics and Performance of Different SOFC Structures

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary and Key Points of Previous SOFC Simulation Related Works

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Representative SOFC System Models a

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Software, Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of Black Box and Spatial Distribution Models

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control, Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Commonly Used Equations of Fuel Reforming Kinetics in SOFC Modeling a

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery, Gasification Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on SOFC Heat and Mass Transfer Mechanisms

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Biomarker Discovery, Comparison, Construct, Modification, Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on SOFC Structure Optimization

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Diffusion-based Assay, Modification, Concentration Assay, Comparison, Selection

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on Simulations of SOFCs Fueled by Different Fuels

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Functional Assay, Concentration Assay, Comparison, In Situ

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanical Properties of Commonly Used SOFC Materials 210 − 212

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: SOFC Soft Failure Mechanisms and Suppression Measures

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Generated, Adsorption, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Whole-Cell/Electrode Multi-Physics Simulation Studies Based on Microstructural Reconstruction

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Extraction, Comparison, Imaging, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Application-Oriented Comparison of SOFC MPMs at Different Scales

Article Snippet: Aydın et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 , No , Yes , SMM , Yes , COMSOL , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was constructed. The I – V curves and temperature distribution were verified using the self-built experimental test bench. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison, Software, Extraction

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Number of articles published on SOFC modeling from 1974 to 2023. (Data from SCOPUS database, searching for the keywords (SOFC OR (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) AND (Model OR Modeling) in the title, abstract, or keywords).

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the number of published articles on SOFC modeling by country and research institution. (Data from SCOPUS database, searching for the keywords (SOFC OR (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) AND (Model OR Modeling) in the title, abstract, or keywords.)

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: SOFC power plant for Adobe installed by Bloom Energy.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of different SOFC structures: (a) planar SOFC structure; (b) tubular SOFC structure; (c) flat tubular SOFC structure; (d) MOLB-type SOFC structure. Redrawn and modified with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Chemistry Bulletin (Chinese).

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Modification

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the top–down approach for reviewing multiscale SOFC models. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Energy conversion of each component of a planar SOFC along the gas channel. Q represents the heat source, and the subscripts conv, cond, and rad represent heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation, respectively. The subscripts ref and WGS indicate reforming and WGS reactions, respectively. The subscripts in and out refer to the inlet and outlet, respectively. The subscripts a and c refer to the anode and cathode, respectively. The subscript CON refers to the interconnector. H is the gas enthalpy. The subscript Iη refers to the irreversible heat generated by electrochemical reactions. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Convection, Generated

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the SOFC-Engine hybrid system. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) SOFC segments along the longitudinal direction and (b) the energy conservation equation with control volumes. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2005 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of SOFC discretization and heat transfer processes at a node. The subscripts cd, cv, and r refer to heat conduction, convection, and radiation, respectively. The subscripts f, a, s, 1, and 2 represent the fuel channel, air channel, solid cell, inlet, and outlet, respectively. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Convection

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) 3D planar SOFC unit, (b) 3D single-channel SOFC geometry along the main flow direction, and (c) 2D single-channel SOFC geometry along the main flow direction.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the SOFC-H structure and (b) the SOFC-O structure. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2008 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) an anode-supported planar SOFC stack; (b) cross-section of the stack; (c) distributions of H 2 and O 2 concentrations in a single cell; (d) distributions of H 2 and O 2 concentrations in the stack. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2012 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distributions of O 2 concentrations at the cathode–electrolyte interface of SOFC stacks with (a) conventional straight channel, (b) discrete rectangular ribs; (c) discrete cylindrical ribs; (d) discrete rhombus ribs; (e) straight flow channels; (f) corrugated ribs; (g) trapezoid ribs; and (h) crisscross rectangular ribs; (i) I − V curves without considering the effect of ASR; (h) net power gain. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Conventional SOFC; (b) novel SOFC with bi-layer interconnector. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2011 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the SOFC with a conventional interconnector and (b) the SOFC using metal foam instead of a cathode rib. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the 3D structure of a single-channel SOFC; (b) cross-section of the x–z plane; (c) enlarged view of the PEN structure; (d) schematic diagram of an anode with gradient porosity. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 ASME.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Geometric structure diagram of a cone-shaped tubular segmented SOFC. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of 2D tubular SOFC structure with added catalytic functional layer. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of I–V and power density curves of NH 3 -fed SOFC-O and NH 3 -fed SOFC-H at operating temperatures of (a) 700 °C and (b) 800 °C. Comparison of (c) I–V curves and (d) power density curves for four cell types at an operating temperature of 800 °C (AS: anode supported). Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Four stages of SOFC fabrication and operation. (b) SOFC stress simulation analysis process. (c) the failure probability of different components during the heating process. (d) the failure probability of different components during the reduction process. (e) the maximum principal stress of different components at different operating temperatures. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 IOP science.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of geometric structure of an SOFC with three different contact modes of the cathode–electrolyte interface. #1, 1 × 1 active site; #2, 3 × 3 active sites; #3, 18 × 18 active sites. Reproduced with permission from ref. Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of a SOFC stack with (a) double-sided cathode channel; (b) stack assembly; (c) Z-type parallel cathode flow channel structure; (d) triple-parallel serpentine cathode flow channel structure. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 IOP science.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Cross-section of a single-channel cell. The maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature difference in the SOFC unit with time for different (b) channel height/width (α) and (c) channel width/rib width (β) values. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 AIP.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Voltage drops of an SOFC in atmosphere with different phosphine concentrations. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model framework of a large stack SOFC simulation. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of SOFC digital twin architecture. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Length and time scales for different SOFC models. Reproduced with permission from refs ( , , and ). Copyright 2007, 2010, 2021 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of model of SOFC fueled by H 2 /NH 3 with (a) O 2 spillover and (b) H 2 spillover. (c) variation of surface species concentrations in SOFC and SOEC modes with H 2 spillover mechanism. (d) sensitivity of each charge transfer reaction, surface elementary reaction, or surface diffusion coefficient in SOEC and SOFC modes. R9 and R10 refer to eqs and , respectively. Reproduced with permission from refs ( , ). Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) micro-CT set-up and (b) nano-CT set-up; (c) reconstructed slices of the SOFC; (d) spongy anode substrate; (e) 3D volume rendering of the segmented micro channels SOFC; (f) 3D volume rendering of the segmented spongy anode; (g) SOFC with finger-like microchannels; (h) concentration gradient of the diffusion simulation on the pore phase of the segmented volume in (f). Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Micro-CT, Concentration Assay, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Full life cycle of an SOFC electrode from powder to pressed tablet to sintered cell. (b) schematic illustration of the “powder-to-power” simulation framework comprising three modules: Module 1 uses DEM to simulate the mesoscopic structure of the electrode obtained after powder laminating, then PFM is used to trace the mesoscopic structure of the electrode during sintering, reduction, and long-term operation; Module 2 establishes the heterogeneous multiphysics field model of the electrode using LBM to simulate the life-cycle performance; and Module 3 uses a support vector machine to obtain the surrogate heterogeneous model of the electrode and adopts a multiobjective GA to optimize electrode performance. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Diagram of PEN structure, reaction process, and Ni coarsening process of direct NH 3 -fed SOFC. (b) coupling relationship between mesoscopic electrode evolution model and macroscopic single-channel cell transient degradation model. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics and Performance of Different SOFC Structures

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary and Key Points of Previous SOFC Simulation Related Works

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Representative SOFC System Models a

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Software, Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of Black Box and Spatial Distribution Models

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control, Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Commonly Used Equations of Fuel Reforming Kinetics in SOFC Modeling a

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery, Gasification Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on SOFC Heat and Mass Transfer Mechanisms

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Biomarker Discovery, Comparison, Construct, Modification, Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on SOFC Structure Optimization

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Diffusion-based Assay, Modification, Concentration Assay, Comparison, Selection

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on Simulations of SOFCs Fueled by Different Fuels

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Functional Assay, Concentration Assay, Comparison, In Situ

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanical Properties of Commonly Used SOFC Materials 210 − 212

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: SOFC Soft Failure Mechanisms and Suppression Measures

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Generated, Adsorption, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Whole-Cell/Electrode Multi-Physics Simulation Studies Based on Microstructural Reconstruction

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Extraction, Comparison, Imaging, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Application-Oriented Comparison of SOFC MPMs at Different Scales

Article Snippet: Mirahmadi et al. , Tubular cell , 2D , H 2 and CH 4 , No , Yes , FM , Yes , FEMLAB , Experimental , A 2D tubular SOFC model was established and an experimental testing workbench was built. The temperature field was experimentally validated. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison, Software, Extraction

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) 3D planar SOFC unit, (b) 3D single-channel SOFC geometry along the main flow direction, and (c) 2D single-channel SOFC geometry along the main flow direction.

Article Snippet: Ma et al. , 2D , Steady , Planar Stack , FVM , MATLAB , Experimental/Model , SOFC stack/SOFC system , Maximum electrical efficiency = 55% , A 2D steady-state finite volume model of the SOFC was developed and integrated into the SOFC system model. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of 2D tubular SOFC structure with added catalytic functional layer. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Ma et al. , 2D , Steady , Planar Stack , FVM , MATLAB , Experimental/Model , SOFC stack/SOFC system , Maximum electrical efficiency = 55% , A 2D steady-state finite volume model of the SOFC was developed and integrated into the SOFC system model. , ( ) .

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Representative SOFC System Models a

Article Snippet: Ma et al. , 2D , Steady , Planar Stack , FVM , MATLAB , Experimental/Model , SOFC stack/SOFC system , Maximum electrical efficiency = 55% , A 2D steady-state finite volume model of the SOFC was developed and integrated into the SOFC system model. , ( ) .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Software, Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on SOFC Structure Optimization

Article Snippet: Ma et al. , 2D , Steady , Planar Stack , FVM , MATLAB , Experimental/Model , SOFC stack/SOFC system , Maximum electrical efficiency = 55% , A 2D steady-state finite volume model of the SOFC was developed and integrated into the SOFC system model. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Diffusion-based Assay, Modification, Concentration Assay, Comparison, Selection

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on Simulations of SOFCs Fueled by Different Fuels

Article Snippet: Ma et al. , 2D , Steady , Planar Stack , FVM , MATLAB , Experimental/Model , SOFC stack/SOFC system , Maximum electrical efficiency = 55% , A 2D steady-state finite volume model of the SOFC was developed and integrated into the SOFC system model. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Functional Assay, Concentration Assay, Comparison, In Situ

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Whole-Cell/Electrode Multi-Physics Simulation Studies Based on Microstructural Reconstruction

Article Snippet: Ma et al. , 2D , Steady , Planar Stack , FVM , MATLAB , Experimental/Model , SOFC stack/SOFC system , Maximum electrical efficiency = 55% , A 2D steady-state finite volume model of the SOFC was developed and integrated into the SOFC system model. , ( ) .

Techniques: Extraction, Comparison, Imaging, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Number of articles published on SOFC modeling from 1974 to 2023. (Data from SCOPUS database, searching for the keywords (SOFC OR (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) AND (Model OR Modeling) in the title, abstract, or keywords).

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the number of published articles on SOFC modeling by country and research institution. (Data from SCOPUS database, searching for the keywords (SOFC OR (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) AND (Model OR Modeling) in the title, abstract, or keywords.)

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: SOFC power plant for Adobe installed by Bloom Energy.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of different SOFC structures: (a) planar SOFC structure; (b) tubular SOFC structure; (c) flat tubular SOFC structure; (d) MOLB-type SOFC structure. Redrawn and modified with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Chemistry Bulletin (Chinese).

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Modification

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the top–down approach for reviewing multiscale SOFC models. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Energy conversion of each component of a planar SOFC along the gas channel. Q represents the heat source, and the subscripts conv, cond, and rad represent heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation, respectively. The subscripts ref and WGS indicate reforming and WGS reactions, respectively. The subscripts in and out refer to the inlet and outlet, respectively. The subscripts a and c refer to the anode and cathode, respectively. The subscript CON refers to the interconnector. H is the gas enthalpy. The subscript Iη refers to the irreversible heat generated by electrochemical reactions. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Convection, Generated

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the SOFC-Engine hybrid system. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) SOFC segments along the longitudinal direction and (b) the energy conservation equation with control volumes. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2005 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of SOFC discretization and heat transfer processes at a node. The subscripts cd, cv, and r refer to heat conduction, convection, and radiation, respectively. The subscripts f, a, s, 1, and 2 represent the fuel channel, air channel, solid cell, inlet, and outlet, respectively. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Convection

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) 3D planar SOFC unit, (b) 3D single-channel SOFC geometry along the main flow direction, and (c) 2D single-channel SOFC geometry along the main flow direction.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the SOFC-H structure and (b) the SOFC-O structure. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2008 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) an anode-supported planar SOFC stack; (b) cross-section of the stack; (c) distributions of H 2 and O 2 concentrations in a single cell; (d) distributions of H 2 and O 2 concentrations in the stack. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2012 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distributions of O 2 concentrations at the cathode–electrolyte interface of SOFC stacks with (a) conventional straight channel, (b) discrete rectangular ribs; (c) discrete cylindrical ribs; (d) discrete rhombus ribs; (e) straight flow channels; (f) corrugated ribs; (g) trapezoid ribs; and (h) crisscross rectangular ribs; (i) I − V curves without considering the effect of ASR; (h) net power gain. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Conventional SOFC; (b) novel SOFC with bi-layer interconnector. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2011 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the SOFC with a conventional interconnector and (b) the SOFC using metal foam instead of a cathode rib. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) the 3D structure of a single-channel SOFC; (b) cross-section of the x–z plane; (c) enlarged view of the PEN structure; (d) schematic diagram of an anode with gradient porosity. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 ASME.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Geometric structure diagram of a cone-shaped tubular segmented SOFC. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of 2D tubular SOFC structure with added catalytic functional layer. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of I–V and power density curves of NH 3 -fed SOFC-O and NH 3 -fed SOFC-H at operating temperatures of (a) 700 °C and (b) 800 °C. Comparison of (c) I–V curves and (d) power density curves for four cell types at an operating temperature of 800 °C (AS: anode supported). Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Four stages of SOFC fabrication and operation. (b) SOFC stress simulation analysis process. (c) the failure probability of different components during the heating process. (d) the failure probability of different components during the reduction process. (e) the maximum principal stress of different components at different operating temperatures. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 IOP science.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of geometric structure of an SOFC with three different contact modes of the cathode–electrolyte interface. #1, 1 × 1 active site; #2, 3 × 3 active sites; #3, 18 × 18 active sites. Reproduced with permission from ref. Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of a SOFC stack with (a) double-sided cathode channel; (b) stack assembly; (c) Z-type parallel cathode flow channel structure; (d) triple-parallel serpentine cathode flow channel structure. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 IOP science.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Cross-section of a single-channel cell. The maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature difference in the SOFC unit with time for different (b) channel height/width (α) and (c) channel width/rib width (β) values. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 AIP.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Voltage drops of an SOFC in atmosphere with different phosphine concentrations. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model framework of a large stack SOFC simulation. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of SOFC digital twin architecture. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Length and time scales for different SOFC models. Reproduced with permission from refs ( , , and ). Copyright 2007, 2010, 2021 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of model of SOFC fueled by H 2 /NH 3 with (a) O 2 spillover and (b) H 2 spillover. (c) variation of surface species concentrations in SOFC and SOEC modes with H 2 spillover mechanism. (d) sensitivity of each charge transfer reaction, surface elementary reaction, or surface diffusion coefficient in SOEC and SOFC modes. R9 and R10 refer to eqs and , respectively. Reproduced with permission from refs ( , ). Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of (a) micro-CT set-up and (b) nano-CT set-up; (c) reconstructed slices of the SOFC; (d) spongy anode substrate; (e) 3D volume rendering of the segmented micro channels SOFC; (f) 3D volume rendering of the segmented spongy anode; (g) SOFC with finger-like microchannels; (h) concentration gradient of the diffusion simulation on the pore phase of the segmented volume in (f). Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Micro-CT, Concentration Assay, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Full life cycle of an SOFC electrode from powder to pressed tablet to sintered cell. (b) schematic illustration of the “powder-to-power” simulation framework comprising three modules: Module 1 uses DEM to simulate the mesoscopic structure of the electrode obtained after powder laminating, then PFM is used to trace the mesoscopic structure of the electrode during sintering, reduction, and long-term operation; Module 2 establishes the heterogeneous multiphysics field model of the electrode using LBM to simulate the life-cycle performance; and Module 3 uses a support vector machine to obtain the surrogate heterogeneous model of the electrode and adopts a multiobjective GA to optimize electrode performance. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Diagram of PEN structure, reaction process, and Ni coarsening process of direct NH 3 -fed SOFC. (b) coupling relationship between mesoscopic electrode evolution model and macroscopic single-channel cell transient degradation model. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2024 Elsevier.

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics and Performance of Different SOFC Structures

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary and Key Points of Previous SOFC Simulation Related Works

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Representative SOFC System Models a

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Software, Control

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of Black Box and Spatial Distribution Models

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control, Comparison

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Commonly Used Equations of Fuel Reforming Kinetics in SOFC Modeling a

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery, Gasification Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on SOFC Heat and Mass Transfer Mechanisms

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Biomarker Discovery, Comparison, Construct, Modification, Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on SOFC Structure Optimization

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Diffusion-based Assay, Modification, Concentration Assay, Comparison, Selection

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Studies on Simulations of SOFCs Fueled by Different Fuels

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Software, Functional Assay, Concentration Assay, Comparison, In Situ

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanical Properties of Commonly Used SOFC Materials 210 − 212

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: SOFC Soft Failure Mechanisms and Suppression Measures

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Generated, Adsorption, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Whole-Cell/Electrode Multi-Physics Simulation Studies Based on Microstructural Reconstruction

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Extraction, Comparison, Imaging, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Chemical Reviews

Article Title: A Comprehensive Review of Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Large Systems to Fine Electrodes

doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Application-Oriented Comparison of SOFC MPMs at Different Scales

Article Snippet: Andersson et al. , Single channel , 2D , Syngas , Yes , No , DGM , Yes , COMSOL , - , A 2D planar SOFC model was established, and the oxidation reaction of CO was considered. , ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison, Software, Extraction

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model geometric parameters.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Conventional SOFC constant and scalar expression settings.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques: Expressing, Permeability, Viscosity, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Grid cell size parameters.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Three-dimensional model of SOFC interconnector type I.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Three-dimensional model of SOFC interconnector type III.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Velocity distribution in conventional SOFC interconnector model (in m/s).

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Velocity distribution in novel SOFC interconnector model (in m/s).

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pressure distribution in conventional SOFC interconnector model (in Pa).

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pressure distribution in novel SOFC interconnector model (in Pa).

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of molar concentrations of hydrogen in conventional SOFC interconnector model.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of molar concentrations of water in novel SOFC interconnector model.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution within the conventional SOFC porous anode.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution within the novel SOFC porous anode.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution within the flow field channel of the conventional interconnector SOFC.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution within the flow field channel of the novel interconnector SOFC.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution of the conventional interconnector SOFC at intermediate cross section.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution of the novel interconnector SOFC at intermediate cross section.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution at the outlet cross-section of the conventional SOFC interconnector.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution of the inlet cross-section of the novel SOFC interconnector.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution at the interface of the conventional SOFC interconnector porous anode.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution at the interface of the novel SOFC interconnector porous anode.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen flow rate distribution of the novel SOFC interconnector type I.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen flow rate distribution of the novel SOFC interconnector type III.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pressure distribution of the novel SOFC interconnector type I.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pressure distribution of the novel SOFC interconnector type III.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen concentration distribution of the novel SOFC interconnector type I.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen concentration distribution of the novel SOFC interconnector type III.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution of the novel SOFC interconnector porous anode type I.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen molar fraction distribution of the novel SOFC interconnector porous anode type III.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques:

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen concentration distribution in the fluid channel of the novel SOFC interconnector type I.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrogen concentration distribution in the fluid channel of the novel SOFC interconnector type III.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of hydrogen concentration in the inlet cross-section of the novel SOFC interconnector type I.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Optimized design of planar solid oxide fuel cell interconnectors

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298277

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of hydrogen concentration in the inlet cross-section of the novel SOFC interconnector type III.

Article Snippet: In this paper, the method of drawing the geometry directly in COMSOL software is used for drawing, and the drawn geometry is the SOFC 2D model, and the geometric parameters of the model are shown in .

Techniques: Concentration Assay