Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A safe and anti-inflammatory plant-derived nanovesicle platform for targeted delivery in acute lung injury

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.033

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synthesis and characterization of GRb1@LEVS-cRGD. (a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of lemon‐derived EVs (LEVs), GRb1, GRb1@LEVs, and GRb1@LEVs-cRGD. (b) Fluorescence emission spectra of GRb1@LEVs. LEVs was doped with DiD and DiI, and then mixed with increasing amount of GRb1. (c) CLSM image of GRb1@LEVs prepared from DiO-labeled GRb1 (green) and DiD-labeled LEVs (red). (d) CLSM image of GRb1@LEVs-cRGD prepared from Chol-PEG 2000 -cRGD-FITC (green) and DiD-LEVs (red). (e) Hydrodynamic size distribution of nanoparticles determined by DLS. f) Zeta potentials of LEVs, GRb1, GRb1@LEVs, and GRb1@LEVs-cRGD (n = 3). (g-h) The stability on size (g) and zeta potential (h) of GRb1@LEVs-cRGD in PBS or PBS containing 10% FBS medium for 5 weeks (n = 3). (i) Schematic illustration of antibiotics remote loading into vesicles. (j) TIG loading yield at different cholesterol inputs (n = 3). (k) Loading yield at different TIG input (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential were obtained by using a nanoparticle size and zeta potentiometer (Omni, Brookhaven Co., USA).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Derivative Assay, Fluorescence, Labeling, Zeta Potential Analyzer

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A safe and anti-inflammatory plant-derived nanovesicle platform for targeted delivery in acute lung injury

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.033

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro and in vivo targeted delivery of GRb1@LEVs-cRGD (a-b) confocal microscopy images of the uptake of nanoparticles by RAW 264.7 (a) and HUVEC cells (b) under inflammation and physiological conditions. (c-d) The corresponding quantitative analysis in RAW 264.7 (c) and HUVEC cells (d), respectively (n = 5). (e-f) IVIS images showing the fluorescent distribution in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney at 2 h after injection of Cy5.5-labeled vesicles (e), along with the corresponding quantification of mean fluorescent intensity (f) (n = 3). (g) Corresponding fluorescence intensity quantification of lung at different times (n = 3). (h) Uptake distribution of GRb1@LEVs-cRGD in various lung cell types (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential were obtained by using a nanoparticle size and zeta potentiometer (Omni, Brookhaven Co., USA).

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Confocal Microscopy, Injection, Labeling, Fluorescence

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A safe and anti-inflammatory plant-derived nanovesicle platform for targeted delivery in acute lung injury

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.033

Figure Lengend Snippet: The anti-inflammatory effect of the nanoparticles in vitro (a) The proportion of CD86 M1 and CD206 M2 in RAW264.7 cells by flow cytometry. (b-c) Level of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (b) and MH-S cells (c) after different treatments (n = 5). (d-e) NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation observed by CLSM (n = 5). ①control group; ② PBS treated group; ③ LEVs treated group; ④ GRb1 treated group; ⑤ GRb1@LEVs treated group; ⑥ GRb1@LEVs-cRGD treated group. (f) The protein expressions of key members in the NF-κB pathway by Western blot, including the phosphorylated (p-p65) and basal NF-κB p65, p-IκBα, and IκBα (n = 3). (g) Heat map showing the hierarchical clustering results of the DEGs detected between LPS group and LPS treated with GRb1@LEVs-cRGD group. DEGs were identified based on a fold change greater than 1.5 and an adjusted P-value less than 0.05. (g) Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis was performed, and the top 30 significantly enriched GO terms were selected based on an FDR <0.05. (h) Top 20 enriched pathways identified using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of DEGs in cells triggered with LPS. (i-j) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) images. (l) Schematic illustration of the mechanism in the reprogramming of RAW 264.7 cells by GRb1@LEVs-cRGD.

Article Snippet: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential were obtained by using a nanoparticle size and zeta potentiometer (Omni, Brookhaven Co., USA).

Techniques: In Vitro, Flow Cytometry, Translocation Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogels regulate the osteoimmune microenvironment via Itgb3-mediated macrophage polarization to combat peri-implantitis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.055

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA Hydrogels. (A) Synthesis procedure of chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogels. (B) SEM image (scale bar: 30 μm, 30 nm) of bare Fe 3 O 4 SPs, D-Fe 3 O 4 SPs and L-Fe 3 O 4 SPs. (C) UV-vis, (D) XRD spectra, and (E) CD spectra of bare Fe 3 O 4 SPs, D-Fe 3 O 4 SPs and L-Fe 3 O 4 SPs. FT-IR spectra of (F1) L-cysteine and D-cysteine, and (F2) bare Fe 3 O 4 SPs, D-Fe 3 O 4 SPs and L-Fe 3 O 4 SPs. (G1-3) Fe 2p XPS spectra of bare Fe₃O₄, D‑Fe₃O₄, and L‑Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. (H) Zeta potential of Fe 3 O 4 SPs, D-Fe 3 O 4 SPs and L-Fe 3 O 4 SPs. (I) Loading content of Fe 3 O 4 SPs in FG, D-FG and L-FG groups. (J1-2) General view and SEM cross-section view of the GelMA, Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA, D-Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA, L-Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogel (scale bar: 100 μm). (K1-2) Elemental spectrum analysis of chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogel shows the presence of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe). (L)The photocurable property of chiral hydrogels. (M) Degradation profile and (N) Swelling rate of the chiral Fe 3 O 4 /GelMA hydrogel. (O) Maximum compressive strength of chiral hydrogels. (P1-2) pH value and Zeta potential during degradation. (Q) Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) versus frequency of chiral hydrogels. (n = 3, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001). Abbreviation: SPs, superparticles; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; UV–vis, ultraviolet–visible; XRD, X-ray diffraction; CD, circular dichroism; FT-IR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

Article Snippet: Surface potentials of the three nanoparticle types were determined using a nanoparticle size and zeta potential analyzer (ZS90, Malvern Zetasizer Nano, UK).

Techniques: Circular Dichroism, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy