Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Exploring surface‐guided systems for intelligent breathing‐adapted four‐dimensional computed tomography: A comparison to infrared‐based reflective marker systems

doi: 10.1002/acm2.70054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reference breathing curves of the different surrogate systems for amplitude‐ and phase‐based binning for (a) a regular sin‐case and (b) an irregular cos 6 ‐case. Amplitude‐based reconstruction nomenclature: Inh0 to Inh80 for inhalation and Exh20 to Exh100 for exhalation. For phase‐based reconstruction, percentages from 0% (start of exhalation) to 90% (end of inhalation) are used. The reference breathing curves of Polaris, RGSC, and SimRT corrected align closely, while SimRT's peak artifacts significantly distort its curve, particularly during exhalation.

Article Snippet: Three optical surrogate systems were used in this study (see Figure ): the Respiratory Gating for Scanners system (RGSC; version 1.1.25.0, Varian Medical Systems, USA), SimRT (version 7.2, VisionRT, UK), and a Polaris Spectra (Northern Digital Inc., Canada).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Exploring surface‐guided systems for intelligent breathing‐adapted four‐dimensional computed tomography: A comparison to infrared‐based reflective marker systems

doi: 10.1002/acm2.70054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Results of the center of mass evaluation in inferior‐superior direction for the different surrogate systems using amplitude‐ and phase‐based reconstruction in (a) a regular sin‐case and (b) an irregular cos 6 ‐case. Amplitude‐based reconstruction nomenclature: Inh0 to Inh80 for inhalation and Exh20 to Exh100 for exhalation. For phase‐based reconstruction, percentages from 0% (start of exhalation) to 90% (end of inhalation) are used. SimRT corrected , RGSC, and Polaris demonstrated good agreement, whereas SimRT showed a notable discrepancy, in particular for the phase‐based reconstruction.

Article Snippet: Three optical surrogate systems were used in this study (see Figure ): the Respiratory Gating for Scanners system (RGSC; version 1.1.25.0, Varian Medical Systems, USA), SimRT (version 7.2, VisionRT, UK), and a Polaris Spectra (Northern Digital Inc., Canada).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Exploring surface‐guided systems for intelligent breathing‐adapted four‐dimensional computed tomography: A comparison to infrared‐based reflective marker systems

doi: 10.1002/acm2.70054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simulated X‐ray trigger selection in i4DCT in a representative patient case, displaying the entire curve on the left and a zoomed region on the right. The differently colored transparent fields show the simulated X‐ray triggers for the different surrogate systems RGSC, SimRT, and SimRT corrected . SimRT corrected and RGSC demonstrated good agreement, whereas SimRT exhibits notable discrepancies, particularly during X‐ray‐off periods where peak artifacts occur.

Article Snippet: Three optical surrogate systems were used in this study (see Figure ): the Respiratory Gating for Scanners system (RGSC; version 1.1.25.0, Varian Medical Systems, USA), SimRT (version 7.2, VisionRT, UK), and a Polaris Spectra (Northern Digital Inc., Canada).

Techniques: Selection

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Investigating the effects of table movement and sag on optical surrogate‐driven respiratory‐guided computed tomography

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14565

Figure Lengend Snippet: Table sag response to varying loads ranging from a non‐weighted scenario up to an additional weight of 130 kg for different surrogate systems: (a) RGSC, (b) SimRT, and (c) Polaris.

Article Snippet: We evaluated three surrogate systems: Respiratory Gating for Scanner (RGSC; version 1.1.25.0, Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Palo Alto, California, USA), SimRT (version 7.2, VisionRT, London, UK), and a Polaris Spectra (Northern Digital Inc., Waterloo, Canada).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Investigating the effects of table movement and sag on optical surrogate‐driven respiratory‐guided computed tomography

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14565

Figure Lengend Snippet: Table sag for different optical surrogate systems in dependency of weight and longitudinal table sag profile in dependency of position and weight.

Article Snippet: We evaluated three surrogate systems: Respiratory Gating for Scanner (RGSC; version 1.1.25.0, Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Palo Alto, California, USA), SimRT (version 7.2, VisionRT, London, UK), and a Polaris Spectra (Northern Digital Inc., Waterloo, Canada).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Investigating the effects of table movement and sag on optical surrogate‐driven respiratory‐guided computed tomography

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14565

Figure Lengend Snippet: Response of the different surrogate systems for the weighted and the situation with no weight in a 4DCT acquisition. (a) RGSC breathing signal, (b) SimRT breathing signal, (c) Polaris table signal tracking the 3D printed tool, (d) Polaris breathing signal in green, Polaris table signal in blue, Polaris table movement corrected signal in yellow for the 4DCT acquisition.

Article Snippet: We evaluated three surrogate systems: Respiratory Gating for Scanner (RGSC; version 1.1.25.0, Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Palo Alto, California, USA), SimRT (version 7.2, VisionRT, London, UK), and a Polaris Spectra (Northern Digital Inc., Waterloo, Canada).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Investigating the effects of table movement and sag on optical surrogate‐driven respiratory‐guided computed tomography

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14565

Figure Lengend Snippet: Response of the different surrogate systems for the weighted and the situation with no weight in a DIBH acquisition. (a) SimRT breathing signal, (b) RGSC breathing signal, (c) Polaris breathing signal in orange, Polaris table signal in blue, Polaris table movement corrected signal in yellow, (d) Polaris table signal tracking the 3D printed tool, (e) top and middle images show the threshold set in SimRT (white on the left graph and in blue on the RTC) for the non‐weighted situation and the bottom image shows weight being added between breath‐holds and its impact on the RTC. The yellow star indicates the breathing state, which the RTC displays.

Article Snippet: We evaluated three surrogate systems: Respiratory Gating for Scanner (RGSC; version 1.1.25.0, Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Palo Alto, California, USA), SimRT (version 7.2, VisionRT, London, UK), and a Polaris Spectra (Northern Digital Inc., Waterloo, Canada).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Investigating the effects of table movement and sag on optical surrogate‐driven respiratory‐guided computed tomography

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14565

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of a typical patient's (83 years, 76.8 kg) curve obtained by the two camera systems RGSC and SimRT in a breathing‐adapted axial 4DCT scan.

Article Snippet: We evaluated three surrogate systems: Respiratory Gating for Scanner (RGSC; version 1.1.25.0, Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Palo Alto, California, USA), SimRT (version 7.2, VisionRT, London, UK), and a Polaris Spectra (Northern Digital Inc., Waterloo, Canada).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Comparative evaluation of a surface‐based respiratory monitoring system against a pressure sensor for 4DCT image reconstruction in phantoms

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14174

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental setup at the Somatom Confidence CT room (a) including the CIRS Phantom (b), sponge (c), Anzai belt (d), Anzai laptop (e), SimRT camera pod (f), reference capture with patch in grey (g), styrodur block in green including three imaging rods in pink (h), and the calibration plate (80 × 60) cm (i). CT, computed tomography; CIRS, Computerized Imaging Reference Systems.

Article Snippet: A dynamic thorax phantom was used to reproduce regular and irregular breathing patterns acquired by SimRT and Anzai.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Imaging, Computed Tomography

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Comparative evaluation of a surface‐based respiratory monitoring system against a pressure sensor for 4DCT image reconstruction in phantoms

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14174

Figure Lengend Snippet: Six breathing patterns measured by Anzai and SimRT using the CIRS phantom compared with the ground‐truth. A = amplitude; C1 = cos 4 (A = 2 mm, without CT); C1* = cos 4 (A = 2 mm, during CT); C5 = cos 4 (A = 16 mm, without CT); C5* = cos 4 (A = 16 mm, during CT). CT, computed tomography; CIRS, Computerized Imaging Reference Systems; IRV, volunteer with irregular breathing pattern; MAD, mean absolute deviation; RV, volunteer with regular breathing pattern.

Article Snippet: A dynamic thorax phantom was used to reproduce regular and irregular breathing patterns acquired by SimRT and Anzai.

Techniques: Computed Tomography, Imaging

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Comparative evaluation of a surface‐based respiratory monitoring system against a pressure sensor for 4DCT image reconstruction in phantoms

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14174

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of real, tag peak‐to‐peak amplitudes and MADs between the ground‐truth and measurements recorded by SimRT and Anzai for all regular and irregular breathing patterns.

Article Snippet: A dynamic thorax phantom was used to reproduce regular and irregular breathing patterns acquired by SimRT and Anzai.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Comparative evaluation of a surface‐based respiratory monitoring system against a pressure sensor for 4DCT image reconstruction in phantoms

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14174

Figure Lengend Snippet: Precision of tagging for peaks and valleys showing the time difference between real and tag values determined by the SimRT and Anzai algorithms for regular and irregular breathing patterns, respectively.

Article Snippet: A dynamic thorax phantom was used to reproduce regular and irregular breathing patterns acquired by SimRT and Anzai.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Comparative evaluation of a surface‐based respiratory monitoring system against a pressure sensor for 4DCT image reconstruction in phantoms

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14174

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tumor trajectory inside the CIRS phantom in LR, IS, and AP directions using 10, 16, and 10 mm for the first experiment A (upper three diagrams) and 2 mm for the second B (lower three diagrams). Maximal SD was ±1.4 mm in AP, ±0.7 mm in IS, and ±0.3 mm in IS for Anzai, SimRT and Static, respectively. A sponge was used here as a surrogate. AP, anteroposterior; Ex, exhale; IS, inferior‐superior; In, inhale; Static, static 3DCT scan; LR, left‐right; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: A dynamic thorax phantom was used to reproduce regular and irregular breathing patterns acquired by SimRT and Anzai.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Article Title: Comparative evaluation of a surface‐based respiratory monitoring system against a pressure sensor for 4DCT image reconstruction in phantoms

doi: 10.1002/acm2.14174

Figure Lengend Snippet: Axial mid‐position sections of the 4DCT images reconstructed by using breathing patterns from both Anzai and SimRT compared to the static 3DCT.

Article Snippet: A dynamic thorax phantom was used to reproduce regular and irregular breathing patterns acquired by SimRT and Anzai.

Techniques: