Journal: Biotechnology Reports

Article Title: Biogenic copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to combat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : Green synthesis, mechanisms, resistance, and future perspectives

doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00896

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synthesis methods of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles. Classification of synthesis methods into Top-Down (physical, toxic) and Bottom-Up (chemical, toxic; biological, non-toxic) approaches. Physical methods involve breaking bulk materials into nanoparticles, while chemical and biological methods build nanoparticles from molecular precursors. Biological methods offer a green alternative using plant extracts, algae, fungi, and bacteria.

Article Snippet: Another study reported by Stavinskaya et al. [ ] explores the influence of temperature on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Vitex agnus-castus extract.

Techniques: Algae, Bacteria

Journal: Biotechnology Reports

Article Title: Biogenic copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to combat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : Green synthesis, mechanisms, resistance, and future perspectives

doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00896

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticles using different plant parts and algae. Schematic of green synthesis using plant/algae extracts. Extracted bioactive compounds react with a copper precursor for nanoparticle formation, followed by centrifugation and drying to obtain biogenic copper nanoparticles.

Article Snippet: Another study reported by Stavinskaya et al. [ ] explores the influence of temperature on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Vitex agnus-castus extract.

Techniques: Algae, Centrifugation

Journal: Biotechnology Reports

Article Title: Biogenic copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to combat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : Green synthesis, mechanisms, resistance, and future perspectives

doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00896

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticles using fungi and bacteria species. Bacterial/fungal cultures are grown, incubated, and filtered to obtain a cell-free extract. The addition of a copper precursor enables nanoparticle biosynthesis, followed by centrifugation, ultrasonic treatment, and drying to obtain biogenic copper nanoparticles.

Article Snippet: Another study reported by Stavinskaya et al. [ ] explores the influence of temperature on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Vitex agnus-castus extract.

Techniques: Bacteria, Incubation, Centrifugation

Journal: Biotechnology Reports

Article Title: Biogenic copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to combat multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : Green synthesis, mechanisms, resistance, and future perspectives

doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2025.e00896

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biogenic synthesis graphic representation mode of action of copper nanoparticles. Mechanisms of Cu/CuO nanoparticle (Cu-NPs/CuO—NPs) action in bacteria: (1) Disruption of biofilm, cell wall, and plasma membrane; (2) Damage to DNA; (3) Interference with transcription; (4) Protein denaturation; (5) Disruption of signaling pathways; (6) Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via damage to proton influx pumps.

Article Snippet: Another study reported by Stavinskaya et al. [ ] explores the influence of temperature on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Vitex agnus-castus extract.

Techniques: Bacteria, Disruption, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Protein-Protein interactions