Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: A novel dual-reactive primer enhances bond durability and builds chemical interlocking structures at the caries-affected dentin–biomaterial interface

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102793

Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of carious dentin and sound dentin. (A) Before and after cavity preparation in a tooth with dental caries. (B) Procedure of resin restoration for caries treatment: (B1) before cavity preparation; (B2) after cavity preparation; (B3) placement of matrix system; (B4) resin restoration. (C) Photomicrograph of a carious molar (white arrows indicate caries-infected dentin [CID], caries-affected dentin [CAD], and sound dentin [SD], respectively). (D) Photograph of carious teeth. (E) Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) observation of the vertical s,ections (E1, E3) and transverse s,ections (E2, E4) of SD (E1, E2) and CAD (E3, E4) (red arrows indicate intratubular dentin; yellow asterisks indicate exposed dentin collagen). (F) Schematic of the CAD-biomaterial bonding interface. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Specimens were then ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water for 5 min, dried, and then the surface morphology was immediately observed by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; S-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Infection, Microscopy

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: A novel dual-reactive primer enhances bond durability and builds chemical interlocking structures at the caries-affected dentin–biomaterial interface

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102793

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration exploration of ITCM and caries-affected dentin (CAD) –resin bonding interface observation. (A) Schematic diagram of construction of dentin–biomaterial bonding interface model. (B) Microtensile bond strength for each group (n = 15). Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. (C) Nanoleakage silver distribution analysis after aging (n = 5). (D) Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images of the immediate-condition bonding interface (1000 × and 3000 × ). (E) Representative backscattered FE-SEM images and corresponding magnified views showing nanoleakage expression at the CAD–resin interface after thermocycling aging. Pointers denote the lateral branches on the resin tags. Red arrows indicate silver nitrate penetration. C, resin composite; Ad, adhesive; Rt, resin tags; D, dentin. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001, ns : the difference was not significant ( P > 0.05). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Specimens were then ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water for 5 min, dried, and then the surface morphology was immediately observed by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; S-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Microscopy, Expressing, Adhesive