Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Comparison of Viable and Heat‐Inactivated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201: Anti‐Pathogenic, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Microbiota Modulating Effect

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71780

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti‐pathogenic activities of L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 and heat‐inactivated L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RHT 3201) against Escherichia coli K12, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49619, and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311. Four pathogenic strains were treated with the cell‐free supernatants of L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 and heat‐inactivated L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 for 24 h. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation ( n = 3). Means are significantly different with * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 using a t ‐test compared with the control groups.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (ATCC BAA‐2836), isolated from the feces of breast‐fed infants, was anaerobically cultured in De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) medium at 37°C for 18 h. L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 was heat‐inactivated in an autoclave at 75°C for 2 h.

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Comparison of Viable and Heat‐Inactivated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201: Anti‐Pathogenic, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Microbiota Modulating Effect

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71780

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential metabolite abundances in fecal samples treated with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH 3201) and its heat‐inactivated form (RHT 3201). (A–D) Metabolites were significantly enriched in the RH 3201 group compared with the control (CON) and RHT 3201, including 3‐hydroxybutyric acid (A), 4‐aminobutanoic acid (B), l ‐serine (C), and l ‐threonine (D). (E–I) Metabolites significantly enriched in the RHT 3201 group compared with CON and RH 3201, including 2‐hydroxybutyrate (E), 2‐methylserine (F), glycine (G), glycolic acid (H), and succinic acid (I). Boxplots represent median (line), mean (diamond), interquartile range (box), and minimum/maximum values (whiskers); individual data points are shown as dots.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (ATCC BAA‐2836), isolated from the feces of breast‐fed infants, was anaerobically cultured in De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) medium at 37°C for 18 h. L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 was heat‐inactivated in an autoclave at 75°C for 2 h.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Comparison of Viable and Heat‐Inactivated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201: Anti‐Pathogenic, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Microbiota Modulating Effect

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71780

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative abundance of metabolites across different experimental groups. RHT 3201 (green), RH 3201 (red), and control (CON, blue). Rows correspond to individual metabolites, and columns represent biological replicates for each group. Metabolite levels are standardized ( z ‐score), with red indicating higher relative abundance and blue indicating lower relative abundance. Hierarchical clustering was applied both to metabolites (rows) and samples (columns), highlighting distinct metabolic profiles among the three groups. Key amino acids, organic acids, and lipid‐related metabolites are shown, illustrating differential metabolic responses induced by viable and heat‐inactivated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 treatments.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (ATCC BAA‐2836), isolated from the feces of breast‐fed infants, was anaerobically cultured in De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) medium at 37°C for 18 h. L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 was heat‐inactivated in an autoclave at 75°C for 2 h.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Comparison of Viable and Heat‐Inactivated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201: Anti‐Pathogenic, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Microbiota Modulating Effect

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71780

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alpha and beta diversity of the fecal microbiota in Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH) and heat‐inactivated RHT 3201 (RHT). Alpha‐diversity was assessed using the (A) Shannon, (B) Simpson, and (C) Chao1 indices. Beta‐diversity was visualized using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination based on species‐level fecal microbiota profiles, shown in (D) and (E). Each point represents an individual sample.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (ATCC BAA‐2836), isolated from the feces of breast‐fed infants, was anaerobically cultured in De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) medium at 37°C for 18 h. L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 was heat‐inactivated in an autoclave at 75°C for 2 h.

Techniques:

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Comparison of Viable and Heat‐Inactivated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201: Anti‐Pathogenic, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Microbiota Modulating Effect

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71780

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of fecal microbiota composition at the species level between Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH) and heat‐inactivated RHT 3201 (RHT) groups. Relative abundances of key bacterial species are shown, including (A) Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum , (B) Lactobacillus rhamnosus , (C) Ligilactobacillus ruminis , (D) Bifidobacterium longum , and (E) Anaerostipes hadrus . Data are expressed as mean relative abundance (%). Statistical significance is indicated where applicable (* p < 0.05; exact p values shown for nonsignificant comparisons). Violin plots illustrate the distribution and variability of the data within each group.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (ATCC BAA‐2836), isolated from the feces of breast‐fed infants, was anaerobically cultured in De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) medium at 37°C for 18 h. L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 was heat‐inactivated in an autoclave at 75°C for 2 h.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Genomic and phenotypic analysis of Weissella cibaria LB13201 and LB13206 isolated from Hanwoo (native Korean cattle) with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory capability

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1674601

Figure Lengend Snippet: Auto-aggregation and co-aggregation abilities. (A) Auto-aggregation; (B) Co-aggregation of W. cibaria LB13201, LB13206, and L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 with selected pathogens. Asterisks show significant differences among groups at 0.01 ( n ≥ 3) via one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test. ** p < 0.01 ( n ≥ 3) via one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test.

Article Snippet: Both strains demonstrated effective adhesion properties, though with strain-specific differences compared to the reference probiotic L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Genomic and phenotypic analysis of Weissella cibaria LB13201 and LB13206 isolated from Hanwoo (native Korean cattle) with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory capability

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1674601

Figure Lengend Snippet: DPPH radical scavenging activity of W. cibaria strains. Black bar, W. cibaria LB13201; gray bar, W. cibaria LB13206; dark gray bar, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103. Asterisks show significant differences among groups at 0.001 ( n ≥ 3) via one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test. *** p < 0.001 ( n ≥ 3) via one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test.

Article Snippet: Both strains demonstrated effective adhesion properties, though with strain-specific differences compared to the reference probiotic L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Probiotic Potential of Weizmannia coagulans MA42, an Endospore-Forming Probiotic Bacterium Capable of Dietary Fiber Digestion

doi: 10.3390/foods15040710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival of W. coagulans ATCC 7050, MA42, P13, and S5 under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Black and white arrows indicate the addition of simulated gastric juice and simulated duodenal juice, respectively.

Article Snippet: At the end of the treatments, statistical analysis of bacterial viability showed that the survival of the MA42, P13, and S5 strains was equivalent to that of the ATCC 7050 probiotic strain [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Probiotic Potential of Weizmannia coagulans MA42, an Endospore-Forming Probiotic Bacterium Capable of Dietary Fiber Digestion

doi: 10.3390/foods15040710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Auto-aggregation ( A ) and cell surface hydrophobicity ( B ) of W. coagulans ATCC 7050, MA42, P13, and S5. Different letters (A–C) indicate significant differences in the values ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: At the end of the treatments, statistical analysis of bacterial viability showed that the survival of the MA42, P13, and S5 strains was equivalent to that of the ATCC 7050 probiotic strain [ ].

Techniques: Cell Surface Hydrophobicity

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Probiotic Potential of Weizmannia coagulans MA42, an Endospore-Forming Probiotic Bacterium Capable of Dietary Fiber Digestion

doi: 10.3390/foods15040710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Disc diffusion assay of cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs), obtained from W. coagulans ATCC 7050, W. coagulans MA42, W. coagulans S5, and W. coagulans P13 cultured in mMRS broth at 37 °C under static conditions for 24 h, against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. Typhimurium TISTR 292, B. cereus TISTR 747, and S. aureus TISTR 746. Control (M): uninoculated mMRS broth. Un-neutralized CFCS ( A ) and neutralized CFCS (pH 7) ( B ).

Article Snippet: At the end of the treatments, statistical analysis of bacterial viability showed that the survival of the MA42, P13, and S5 strains was equivalent to that of the ATCC 7050 probiotic strain [ ].

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Probiotic Potential of Weizmannia coagulans MA42, an Endospore-Forming Probiotic Bacterium Capable of Dietary Fiber Digestion

doi: 10.3390/foods15040710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hemolytic activity of W. coagulans ATCC 7050, MA42, P13, and S5 on blood agar at 37 °C for 48 h. Staphylococcus aureus was used as the positive control.

Article Snippet: At the end of the treatments, statistical analysis of bacterial viability showed that the survival of the MA42, P13, and S5 strains was equivalent to that of the ATCC 7050 probiotic strain [ ].

Techniques: Activity Assay, Positive Control

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Probiotic Potential of Weizmannia coagulans MA42, an Endospore-Forming Probiotic Bacterium Capable of Dietary Fiber Digestion

doi: 10.3390/foods15040710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viable cell count of W. coagulans MA42 and ATCC 7050 on modified MRS medium supplemented with glucose ( A ), wheat flour ( B ), oatmeal ( C ), xylan ( D ), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ( E ), locust bean gum (LBG) ( F ), xanthan gum ( G ), pectin ( H ), inulin ( I ), xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) ( J ), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) ( K ), and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) ( L ) as the sole carbon source. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.

Article Snippet: At the end of the treatments, statistical analysis of bacterial viability showed that the survival of the MA42, P13, and S5 strains was equivalent to that of the ATCC 7050 probiotic strain [ ].

Techniques: Cell Characterization, Modification

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Probiotic Potential of Weizmannia coagulans MA42, an Endospore-Forming Probiotic Bacterium Capable of Dietary Fiber Digestion

doi: 10.3390/foods15040710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enzyme activity profile of W. coagulans MA42 and W. coagulans ATCC 7050 cultivated in modified MRS medium supplemented with wheat flour ( A ), oatmeal ( B ), xylan ( C ), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ( D ), locust bean gum (LBG) ( E ), xanthan gum ( F ), pectin ( G ), and inulin ( H ) as the sole carbon source at 37 °C for 48 h. * and ** indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively.

Article Snippet: At the end of the treatments, statistical analysis of bacterial viability showed that the survival of the MA42, P13, and S5 strains was equivalent to that of the ATCC 7050 probiotic strain [ ].

Techniques: Activity Assay, Modification