Journal: Nature Medicine

Article Title: Low-plastic diet and urinary levels of plastic-associated phthalates and bisphenols: the randomized controlled PERTH Trial

doi: 10.1038/s41591-026-04324-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b , Forest plots of age-, sex- and FMI-adjusted single-exposure ( a ) and multiple-exposure ( b ) modeling of food group intake (serves), food processing and packaging scores, PCP scores and urinary PAC levels, within-person. Statistically significant associations are represented as the percentage change in PAC levels as per one serve size increase in food group intake and per one unit increase in the food processing and packaging and PCP score ( n = 209). Ninety-five percent CIs of the estimates were derived from Wald t -statistics using the Satterthwaite approximation for degrees of freedom. c , Forest plots for the results of age- and sex-adjusted single-exposure modeling of body composition measures and urinary PAC levels, between-person. Statistically significant associations are represented as the percentage difference in PAC levels per one s.d. higher body composition variable ( n = 209). d , e , Forest plots of age-, sex- and FMI-adjusted single-exposure ( d ) and multiple-exposure ( e ) modeling of PAC and clinical blood biomarkers, between-person. Statistically significant associations are represented as the percentage difference in the blood biomarker concentration as per one-unit-higher urinary log-PAC level ( n = 209). Ninety-five percent CIs of the estimates were calculated using Wald t -statistics using residual degrees of freedom.

Article Snippet: At visit 1, the study doctor conducted a health screening including electrocardiogram, vital signs, urinalysis, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and anthropometric measurements using a portable body composition analyzer (SECA m525).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Concentration Assay

Journal: Nature Medicine

Article Title: Low-plastic diet and urinary levels of plastic-associated phthalates and bisphenols: the randomized controlled PERTH Trial

doi: 10.1038/s41591-026-04324-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: a . Summary cartoon of cohort study ( n =209) results depicting statistically significant associations of urinary plastic-associated chemical (PAC) levels with food group intake (serves), food properties score, food packaging and processing score, total dietary plastics score, personal care product score, body composition and cardiometabolic blood biomarkers. Up and down arrows indicate either an increase/higher or decrease/lower in the outcome variable. The models are adjusted for age, sex and FMI, apart from body composition models that are adjusted for age and sex only. b . Cartoon depicting statistically significant increases or decreases in food group intake (serves), dietary plastic scores, macronutrient and micronutrient intake within groups from baseline to post-trial using paired t-tests; and decreases in urinary PAC levels, compared to no intervention for the four intervention groups of the randomized controlled trial (RCT)( n =60). Figure created in BioRender; Lucas, M. https://biorender.com/gx8p4dc (2026).

Article Snippet: At visit 1, the study doctor conducted a health screening including electrocardiogram, vital signs, urinalysis, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and anthropometric measurements using a portable body composition analyzer (SECA m525).

Techniques:

Journal: Nature Medicine

Article Title: Low-plastic diet and urinary levels of plastic-associated phthalates and bisphenols: the randomized controlled PERTH Trial

doi: 10.1038/s41591-026-04324-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: a . Forest plot of body composition effects treating plastic-associated chemicals (PAC) as the outcome. Body composition measures were standardized, with estimates corresponding to the expected difference in PAC per one standard deviation higher value of the respective body composition measure ( n =209). b . Forest plot of PAC effects, treating clinical blood biomarkers as the outcome. Estimates represent the expected difference in the biomarker per one-unit higher value of the respective log-PAC. c . Similarly to (b.), these biomarkers were standardized; estimates represent the difference in the biomarker (in SD units) per one-unit increase in log-PAC. Single exposure modeling of all results. Body composition measures are adjusted for age and sex. Clinical blood biomarkers are adjusted for age, sex and fat mass index (FMI) ( n =209). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals of the estimates were calculated using Wald t-statistics using residual degrees of freedom. * indicates P <0.05.

Article Snippet: At visit 1, the study doctor conducted a health screening including electrocardiogram, vital signs, urinalysis, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and anthropometric measurements using a portable body composition analyzer (SECA m525).

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Biomarker Discovery