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Molecular changes following ETO administration in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and the medial hypothalamus (MH) of female and male rats. (A–C) Quantitative PCR analysis of Nmb , transcription factor <t>Phox2b</t> , and proton‐sensing channels, Gpr4 and Task2 , in the RTN (A), NTS (B), and MH (C) of females and males. Naive males showed higher expression levels of Nmb and Gpr4 in the RTN (A) and Phox2b , Gpr4 , and Pgr in the NTS (B) compared with females. Following lesion or ETO treatment, Nmb expression was significantly reduced in both SHAM‐ and ETO‐treated animals compared with naive controls, in males and females (A). ETO‐treated females showed upregulation of Task2 and Gpr4 mRNA levels in the RTN (A), and downregulation of Phox2b and Task2 mRNA levels in the NTS (B), consistent with the observed recovery of the CO 2 chemoreflex. No significant changes were observed in the MH (C). In males, no significant transcriptional changes were detected in the RTN, NTS, or MH, except for the reduction of Nmb in the RTN. Graphs show mean ± SD with individual values represented as 2 −ΔCt with all statistical analyses performed on ΔCt values. Comparisons between naive males and females were analyzed using unpaired t ‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, whereas differences among experimental groups within each sex were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA (Dunn's post hoc). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Gene Exp Phox2b Rn01413076 Mh, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Molecular changes following ETO administration in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and the medial hypothalamus (MH) of female and male rats. (A–C) Quantitative PCR analysis of Nmb , transcription factor <t>Phox2b</t> , and proton‐sensing channels, Gpr4 and Task2 , in the RTN (A), NTS (B), and MH (C) of females and males. Naive males showed higher expression levels of Nmb and Gpr4 in the RTN (A) and Phox2b , Gpr4 , and Pgr in the NTS (B) compared with females. Following lesion or ETO treatment, Nmb expression was significantly reduced in both SHAM‐ and ETO‐treated animals compared with naive controls, in males and females (A). ETO‐treated females showed upregulation of Task2 and Gpr4 mRNA levels in the RTN (A), and downregulation of Phox2b and Task2 mRNA levels in the NTS (B), consistent with the observed recovery of the CO 2 chemoreflex. No significant changes were observed in the MH (C). In males, no significant transcriptional changes were detected in the RTN, NTS, or MH, except for the reduction of Nmb in the RTN. Graphs show mean ± SD with individual values represented as 2 −ΔCt with all statistical analyses performed on ΔCt values. Comparisons between naive males and females were analyzed using unpaired t ‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, whereas differences among experimental groups within each sex were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA (Dunn's post hoc). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Goat Anti Phox2b, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Molecular changes following ETO administration in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and the medial hypothalamus (MH) of female and male rats. (A–C) Quantitative PCR analysis of Nmb , transcription factor <t>Phox2b</t> , and proton‐sensing channels, Gpr4 and Task2 , in the RTN (A), NTS (B), and MH (C) of females and males. Naive males showed higher expression levels of Nmb and Gpr4 in the RTN (A) and Phox2b , Gpr4 , and Pgr in the NTS (B) compared with females. Following lesion or ETO treatment, Nmb expression was significantly reduced in both SHAM‐ and ETO‐treated animals compared with naive controls, in males and females (A). ETO‐treated females showed upregulation of Task2 and Gpr4 mRNA levels in the RTN (A), and downregulation of Phox2b and Task2 mRNA levels in the NTS (B), consistent with the observed recovery of the CO 2 chemoreflex. No significant changes were observed in the MH (C). In males, no significant transcriptional changes were detected in the RTN, NTS, or MH, except for the reduction of Nmb in the RTN. Graphs show mean ± SD with individual values represented as 2 −ΔCt with all statistical analyses performed on ΔCt values. Comparisons between naive males and females were analyzed using unpaired t ‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, whereas differences among experimental groups within each sex were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA (Dunn's post hoc). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
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Molecular changes following ETO administration in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and the medial hypothalamus (MH) of female and male rats. (A–C) Quantitative PCR analysis of Nmb , transcription factor <t>Phox2b</t> , and proton‐sensing channels, Gpr4 and Task2 , in the RTN (A), NTS (B), and MH (C) of females and males. Naive males showed higher expression levels of Nmb and Gpr4 in the RTN (A) and Phox2b , Gpr4 , and Pgr in the NTS (B) compared with females. Following lesion or ETO treatment, Nmb expression was significantly reduced in both SHAM‐ and ETO‐treated animals compared with naive controls, in males and females (A). ETO‐treated females showed upregulation of Task2 and Gpr4 mRNA levels in the RTN (A), and downregulation of Phox2b and Task2 mRNA levels in the NTS (B), consistent with the observed recovery of the CO 2 chemoreflex. No significant changes were observed in the MH (C). In males, no significant transcriptional changes were detected in the RTN, NTS, or MH, except for the reduction of Nmb in the RTN. Graphs show mean ± SD with individual values represented as 2 −ΔCt with all statistical analyses performed on ΔCt values. Comparisons between naive males and females were analyzed using unpaired t ‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, whereas differences among experimental groups within each sex were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA (Dunn's post hoc). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
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Molecular changes following ETO administration in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and the medial hypothalamus (MH) of female and male rats. (A–C) Quantitative PCR analysis of Nmb , transcription factor <t>Phox2b</t> , and proton‐sensing channels, Gpr4 and Task2 , in the RTN (A), NTS (B), and MH (C) of females and males. Naive males showed higher expression levels of Nmb and Gpr4 in the RTN (A) and Phox2b , Gpr4 , and Pgr in the NTS (B) compared with females. Following lesion or ETO treatment, Nmb expression was significantly reduced in both SHAM‐ and ETO‐treated animals compared with naive controls, in males and females (A). ETO‐treated females showed upregulation of Task2 and Gpr4 mRNA levels in the RTN (A), and downregulation of Phox2b and Task2 mRNA levels in the NTS (B), consistent with the observed recovery of the CO 2 chemoreflex. No significant changes were observed in the MH (C). In males, no significant transcriptional changes were detected in the RTN, NTS, or MH, except for the reduction of Nmb in the RTN. Graphs show mean ± SD with individual values represented as 2 −ΔCt with all statistical analyses performed on ΔCt values. Comparisons between naive males and females were analyzed using unpaired t ‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, whereas differences among experimental groups within each sex were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA (Dunn's post hoc). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
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Molecular changes following ETO administration in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and the medial hypothalamus (MH) of female and male rats. (A–C) Quantitative PCR analysis of Nmb , transcription factor <t>Phox2b</t> , and proton‐sensing channels, Gpr4 and Task2 , in the RTN (A), NTS (B), and MH (C) of females and males. Naive males showed higher expression levels of Nmb and Gpr4 in the RTN (A) and Phox2b , Gpr4 , and Pgr in the NTS (B) compared with females. Following lesion or ETO treatment, Nmb expression was significantly reduced in both SHAM‐ and ETO‐treated animals compared with naive controls, in males and females (A). ETO‐treated females showed upregulation of Task2 and Gpr4 mRNA levels in the RTN (A), and downregulation of Phox2b and Task2 mRNA levels in the NTS (B), consistent with the observed recovery of the CO 2 chemoreflex. No significant changes were observed in the MH (C). In males, no significant transcriptional changes were detected in the RTN, NTS, or MH, except for the reduction of Nmb in the RTN. Graphs show mean ± SD with individual values represented as 2 −ΔCt with all statistical analyses performed on ΔCt values. Comparisons between naive males and females were analyzed using unpaired t ‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, whereas differences among experimental groups within each sex were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA (Dunn's post hoc). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
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Image Search Results


Molecular changes following ETO administration in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and the medial hypothalamus (MH) of female and male rats. (A–C) Quantitative PCR analysis of Nmb , transcription factor Phox2b , and proton‐sensing channels, Gpr4 and Task2 , in the RTN (A), NTS (B), and MH (C) of females and males. Naive males showed higher expression levels of Nmb and Gpr4 in the RTN (A) and Phox2b , Gpr4 , and Pgr in the NTS (B) compared with females. Following lesion or ETO treatment, Nmb expression was significantly reduced in both SHAM‐ and ETO‐treated animals compared with naive controls, in males and females (A). ETO‐treated females showed upregulation of Task2 and Gpr4 mRNA levels in the RTN (A), and downregulation of Phox2b and Task2 mRNA levels in the NTS (B), consistent with the observed recovery of the CO 2 chemoreflex. No significant changes were observed in the MH (C). In males, no significant transcriptional changes were detected in the RTN, NTS, or MH, except for the reduction of Nmb in the RTN. Graphs show mean ± SD with individual values represented as 2 −ΔCt with all statistical analyses performed on ΔCt values. Comparisons between naive males and females were analyzed using unpaired t ‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, whereas differences among experimental groups within each sex were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA (Dunn's post hoc). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Journal: Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

Article Title: Sex Differences in the Effects of Etonogestrel on Respiratory Recovery in an In Vivo Rat Model of Central Chemoreflex Impairment

doi: 10.1111/apha.70194

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular changes following ETO administration in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the solitary tract nucleus (NTS), and the medial hypothalamus (MH) of female and male rats. (A–C) Quantitative PCR analysis of Nmb , transcription factor Phox2b , and proton‐sensing channels, Gpr4 and Task2 , in the RTN (A), NTS (B), and MH (C) of females and males. Naive males showed higher expression levels of Nmb and Gpr4 in the RTN (A) and Phox2b , Gpr4 , and Pgr in the NTS (B) compared with females. Following lesion or ETO treatment, Nmb expression was significantly reduced in both SHAM‐ and ETO‐treated animals compared with naive controls, in males and females (A). ETO‐treated females showed upregulation of Task2 and Gpr4 mRNA levels in the RTN (A), and downregulation of Phox2b and Task2 mRNA levels in the NTS (B), consistent with the observed recovery of the CO 2 chemoreflex. No significant changes were observed in the MH (C). In males, no significant transcriptional changes were detected in the RTN, NTS, or MH, except for the reduction of Nmb in the RTN. Graphs show mean ± SD with individual values represented as 2 −ΔCt with all statistical analyses performed on ΔCt values. Comparisons between naive males and females were analyzed using unpaired t ‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, whereas differences among experimental groups within each sex were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc) or Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA (Dunn's post hoc). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The assays used were: rat Phox2b (ID: Rn01413076_mH), rat Pgr (ID: Rn01448227_m1), rat Gpr4 (ID: Rn02585915), rat Task2 (ID: Rn01755927), rat Nmb (ID: Rn01478123_m1), and the endogenous control rat Actb (ID: Rn00667869_m1).

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, MANN-WHITNEY