Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Surface sulfonic-group bonded oxygen evolution catalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-64857-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The LSV curves of Ir/IrO x ~ SO 3 H and Ir/IrO x catalysts recorded in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution at 80 °C. b Polarization curves of PEMWEs assembled with Ir/IrO x ~ SO 3 H anode and Ir/IrO x anode, respectively. c Chronopotentiometry curves of a PEMWE assembled with either Ir/IrO x ~ SO 3 H or Ir/IrO x anodes at 1.0 A cm −2 . The temperature of the input water was controlled at 80 °C. The measured ohmic resistance was 24.9 ± 0.1 mΩ for the Ir/IrO x ~ SO 3 H-PEMWE and 23.4 ± 0.1 mΩ for the Ir/IrO x -PEMWE. d FTIR spectra and e S 2p XPS spectra of Ir/IrO x ~ SO 3 H catalyst before and after OER. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) test was performed using a DC power source (PWR401L, KIKUSUI Trading Co., Ltd.).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: A schematic representation of single-cell PEMWE.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic view of a PEMWE stack.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cost distribution of a typical PEMWE stack. Reprinted with permission from ref . Copyright 2022, IRENA.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of a typical single-cell PEMWE.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative photograph of the OBOGS/PEMWE system. Reprinted using ref . Photograph by Fred Mitlitsky. Copyright 1999.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: PEMWE and system concept with a production capacity of 65 H 2 kg/day; reprinted using ref . Photograph courtesy of Katherine E. Ayers. Copyright 2010.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3MEP CUBE PEMWE model developed by ITM Power. Reprinted using ref . Photograph courtesy of ITM. Copyright 2021.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: NEL hydrogen M series PEMWE system. Reprinted using ref . Photograph courtesy of NEL Hydrogen. Copyright 2023.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proton M series M100 PEMWE system. Reprinted using ref . Photograph courtesy of NEL Hydrogen. Copyright 2023.

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of PEMWE GDLs Studies in Literature

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques: Comparison, Modification

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of PEMWE Stack Properties of Basic and Advanced Designs 185

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Some Commercial PEMWE-Producing Companies and Their Details

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack Development Studies: A Review

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10147

Figure Lengend Snippet: Technical Targets for PEMWE Stacks and Systems for H 2 Production 223

Article Snippet: NEL hydrogen and Proton container-type high-flow PEMWE systems have a start-up time of less than 5 min.

Techniques:

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Current status of developed electrocatalysts for water splitting technologies: from experimental to industrial perspective

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00468-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Schematic configurations for different water electrolyzer single cells: AWE, PEMWE, and AEMWE. Images reproduced from Ref . with permission from RSC; ( b ) Cell efficiency for various electrolyzers. Images reproduced from Ref . with permission from Elsevier; ( c ) Stack cost breakdown (%) for an AWE system

Article Snippet: Proton OnSite (USA), a major manufacturer in the field, focuses on fabricating and supplying AWE and PEMWE devices, capable of producing 400,000 L H 2 h -1 at 3 MPa.

Techniques:

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Current status of developed electrocatalysts for water splitting technologies: from experimental to industrial perspective

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00468-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) A commercially available AWE manufactured by Hydrogenics Co., complete with auxiliary components. Images reproduced from Ref . with permission from RSC; ( b ) Long-term performance and AC resistance (1 kHz) of AEMWE cells with a HER catalyst of 7.4 mg cm -2 operating at 3 MPa, at a current density of 0.47 A cm -2 , and 316 K in electrolyte solutions consisting of 1 wt% K 2 CO 3 /KHCO 3 (solid symbol) and 1 wt% K 2 CO 3 (open symbols). Image reproduced from Ref . with permission from Willey; ( c - f ) PEMWE developed by Nel Hydrogen, accompanied by its performance tests. Image reproduced from Ref . with permission from Nature; ( g - i ) AEMWE developed by AHES Co., alongside its performance tests. Image reproduced from Ref . with permission from ACS

Article Snippet: Proton OnSite (USA), a major manufacturer in the field, focuses on fabricating and supplying AWE and PEMWE devices, capable of producing 400,000 L H 2 h -1 at 3 MPa.

Techniques:

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Current status of developed electrocatalysts for water splitting technologies: from experimental to industrial perspective

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00468-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of key performance indicators for recent and future PEMWE, AWE, and AEMWE technologies [ 144 ]

Article Snippet: Proton OnSite (USA), a major manufacturer in the field, focuses on fabricating and supplying AWE and PEMWE devices, capable of producing 400,000 L H 2 h -1 at 3 MPa.

Techniques: Membrane, Insulation, Purification

Journal: Nano Convergence

Article Title: Current status of developed electrocatalysts for water splitting technologies: from experimental to industrial perspective

doi: 10.1186/s40580-024-00468-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) A commercially available AWE manufactured by Hydrogenics Co., complete with auxiliary components. Images reproduced from Ref . with permission from RSC; ( b ) Long-term performance and AC resistance (1 kHz) of AEMWE cells with a HER catalyst of 7.4 mg cm -2 operating at 3 MPa, at a current density of 0.47 A cm -2 , and 316 K in electrolyte solutions consisting of 1 wt% K 2 CO 3 /KHCO 3 (solid symbol) and 1 wt% K 2 CO 3 (open symbols). Image reproduced from Ref . with permission from Willey; ( c - f ) PEMWE developed by Nel Hydrogen, accompanied by its performance tests. Image reproduced from Ref . with permission from Nature; ( g - i ) AEMWE developed by AHES Co., alongside its performance tests. Image reproduced from Ref . with permission from ACS

Article Snippet: Image reproduced from Ref [ ]. with permission from Willey; ( c - f ) PEMWE developed by Nel Hydrogen, accompanied by its performance tests.

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