Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Obacunone Photoprotective Effects against Solar-Simulated Radiation-Induced Molecular Modifications in Primary Keratinocytes and Full-Thickness Human Skin.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241411484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Obacunone attenuates UVR-induced cytotoxicity in NHEK cells and a FT skin model and ameliorates tissue damage and sunburn reaction in the FT skin model. (A) NHEK cells pretreated for 24 h with obacunone (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) and subjected to 5 J/cm2 SSR; 24 h after irradiation, the LDH cytotoxicity assay was performed. (B) FT skin models pretreated for 24 h with obacunone (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) and subjected to 18 J/cm2 of SSR; 24 h after irradiation, the LDH cytotoxicity assay was performed. (C) FT skin models pretreated for 24 h with obacunone 50 µM and subjected to 18 J/cm2 of SSR. Paraffin tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Red arrows indicate photodamaged keratinocytes (sunburn cells). Scale bar: 100 µM. All data are expressed as a scatter plot with mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of at least two independent experiments (n = 3). Multiple-comparison analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test. * p < 0.05 vs. control. # p < 0.05 vs. SSR stimulus. SSR: Solar-simulated radiation. OBA: obacunone.

Article Snippet: Following irradiation, the skin tissues were immediately transferred to fresh ALI medium and recovered in an incubator (37 ◦C, 5% CO2) for 24 h. Obacunone (AI3-37934, CCRIS 8657), 99.85% purity, was purchased from SelleckChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Irradiation, LDH Cytotoxicity Assay, Staining, Comparison, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Obacunone Photoprotective Effects against Solar-Simulated Radiation-Induced Molecular Modifications in Primary Keratinocytes and Full-Thickness Human Skin.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241411484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Obacunone has a slight effect in preventing cytokine release induced by SSR in NHEK cells and a FT skin model. (A–C) NHEK cells were pretreated for 24 h with obacunone (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) and subjected to 5 J/cm2 solar-simulated radiation. (D–F) FT skin models were pretreated for 24 h with obacunone (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) and subjected to 18 J/cm2 of solar-simulated radiation. 24 h after irradiation, IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA. All data are expressed as a scatter plot with mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of at least two independent experiments (n = 3). Multiple-comparison analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test. * p < 0.05 vs. control. # p < 0.05 vs. SSR stimulus. OBA: obacunone.

Article Snippet: Following irradiation, the skin tissues were immediately transferred to fresh ALI medium and recovered in an incubator (37 ◦C, 5% CO2) for 24 h. Obacunone (AI3-37934, CCRIS 8657), 99.85% purity, was purchased from SelleckChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Irradiation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Obacunone Photoprotective Effects against Solar-Simulated Radiation-Induced Molecular Modifications in Primary Keratinocytes and Full-Thickness Human Skin.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241411484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Obacunone attenuates gene expression modulation of photoaging biomarkers in a FT skin model. (A–C) FT skin models were pretreated for 24 h with obacunone (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) and subjected to 18 J/cm2 of SSR; 24 h after irradiation, metalloproteinases 1 (MMP1), elastin (ELN), and collagen type 7 alpha 1 (COL7A1) mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Data are expressed as 2−∆∆Ct. All data are expressed as a scatter plot with mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of at least two independent experiments (n = 3). Multiple-comparison analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test. * p < 0.05 vs. control. # p < 0.05 vs. SSR stimulus. OBA: obacunone.

Article Snippet: Following irradiation, the skin tissues were immediately transferred to fresh ALI medium and recovered in an incubator (37 ◦C, 5% CO2) for 24 h. Obacunone (AI3-37934, CCRIS 8657), 99.85% purity, was purchased from SelleckChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Irradiation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Comparison, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Obacunone Photoprotective Effects against Solar-Simulated Radiation-Induced Molecular Modifications in Primary Keratinocytes and Full-Thickness Human Skin.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241411484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Obacunone prevents SSR-induced p53 and p21 gene and protein expression modulations in a FT skin model. FT skin models were pretreated for 24 h with obacunone (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) and subjected to 18 J/cm2 of SSR. (A) 24 h after irradiation, p21 and p53 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Data are expressed as 2−∆∆Ct. (B) p21 and p53 levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Quantification was performed by densitometry and normalized to β-actin. Data are expressed as 2−∆∆Ct. All data are expressed as a scatter plot with mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of at least two independent experiments (n = 3). Multiple-comparison analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test. * p < 0.05 vs. control. # p < 0.05 vs. SSR stimulus. OBA: obacunone.

Article Snippet: Following irradiation, the skin tissues were immediately transferred to fresh ALI medium and recovered in an incubator (37 ◦C, 5% CO2) for 24 h. Obacunone (AI3-37934, CCRIS 8657), 99.85% purity, was purchased from SelleckChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Irradiation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Comparison, Control

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Obacunone Photoprotective Effects against Solar-Simulated Radiation-Induced Molecular Modifications in Primary Keratinocytes and Full-Thickness Human Skin.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241411484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Obacunone ameliorates SSR-induced oxidative injury in NHEK cells and in a FT skin model. NHEK cells were pretreated for 24 h with obacunone (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) and subjected to 5 J/cm2 of SSR. (A) After irradiation, quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was measured by the CM-H2DCFDA assay. Data are expressed as reactive oxygen species (ROS) DCF relative fluorescence units. (B) Total cellular glutathione levels (GSH) were measured by the GSH-Glo™Glutathione Assay kit. (C,D) 24 h after irradiation, heme-oxygenase (HO1) and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase (NQO1) mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Data are expressed as 2−∆∆Ct. (E–G) FT skin models were pretreated for 24 h with obacunone (12.5 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) and subjected to 18 J/cm2 of SSR; 24 h after irradiation, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), HO1 and NQO1 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Data are expressed as 2−∆∆Ct. All data are expressed as a scatter plot with mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of at least two independent experiments (n = 3). Multiple-comparison analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test. * p < 0.05 vs. control. # p< 0.05 vs. SSR stimulus. OBA: obacunone.

Article Snippet: Following irradiation, the skin tissues were immediately transferred to fresh ALI medium and recovered in an incubator (37 ◦C, 5% CO2) for 24 h. Obacunone (AI3-37934, CCRIS 8657), 99.85% purity, was purchased from SelleckChem (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Irradiation, Glutathione Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Comparison, Control