Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Salvianolic acids are natural senolytics and increase lifespan in old age

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.29.721790

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) A schematic workflow illustrating the preclinical therapeutic procedure. Two weeks after subcutaneous inoculation and in vivo uptake of PC3/PSC27 recombinants, severe combined immunodeficient (M-NSG) mice were subject to either single agent or combinatorial treatment in a metronomic schedule of several cycles. The illustration was created in BioRender. ( b ) Comparative statistics of tumor end volumes. PC3 cancer cells were inoculated either alone or combined with PSC27 stromal cells before being implanted subcutaneously to the hind flank of M-NSG animals, which were administered with MIT and SAA, either alone or in combination. ( c ) Representative images of in vivo senescence in tumor foci by SA-β-gal staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. ( d ) Comparative statistics of tumor senescence as described in ( c ). ( e ) Transcriptional analysis of a subset of SASP factors expressed in epithelial vs. stromal cells acquired from tumor foci after laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate stromal and cancer cells, respectively. Signals were normalized to that of the sample with lowest value in the placebo group. ( f ) Transcriptional analysis of SASP factors and two canonical senescence biomarkers p16 INK4a and p21 CIP1 . ( g ) Statistical assessment of DDR and cellular apoptosis in tumors. Values are shown as the percentage of cells positively stained by IF or IHC specific to γH2AX or cleaved caspase 3 (CCL3), respectively. ( h ) Representative images of IHC staining for CCL3 at the completion of treatment regimens. Scale bar, 50 μm. ( i ) Comparative survival of animals sacrificed upon development of advanced bulky disease. Survival duration was calculated from tissue recombinant injection until death. P values were calculated by a two-sided log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. DDR, DNA damage response. IF, immunofluorescence. IHC, immunohistochemistry. Data in b , d , e , f and g are shown as mean ± SD and representative of 3 independent biological replicates, with P values calculated by Student’s t -tests. ^, P > 0.05; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The human prostate epithelial cancer cell line, PC3, was from ATCC and cultured with F-12K media (10% FBS).

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining, Laser Capture Microdissection, Immunohistochemistry, Recombinant, Injection, Immunofluorescence