Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling drives Th17-mediated lacrimal gland injury and tear dysfunction in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13904

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of lacrimal gland dysfunction and systemic inflammation in NOD/Ltj mice. (A) Tear secretion measured by the phenol red thread test. (B) Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-6 determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (C) Representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained lacrimal gland sections from ICR and NOD/Ltj mice presenting glandular architecture and lymphocytic infiltration (magnification, ×200 and ×400). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=12). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001; ns vs. ICR control. ns, not significant; ICR, Institute of Cancer Research; IL-17A, interleukin-17A; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; SD, standard deviation; NOD, non-obese diabetic.

Article Snippet: To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in lacrimal gland injury, 20 male NOD/Ltj mice (12 weeks old, weighing 24–28 g) were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCXK(Jing)2019-0008] and 16 age-matched male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (weighing 35–40 g) were obtained from Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCKK(HU)2022-0004].

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling drives Th17-mediated lacrimal gland injury and tear dysfunction in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13904

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptomic analysis of lacrimal glands in NOD/Ltj mice. (A) Heatmap presenting DEGs between ICR and NOD/Ltj mice. (B) GO enrichment analysis of DEGs. (C) Volcano plot illustrates the distribution of upregulated and downregulated genes. (D) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The six genes selected for subsequent reverse transcription-quantitative PCR validation ( CARD14, TNFSF14, TNFSF13, CCL19, CCL20 and CCL12 ) are labeled directly in (A) and (C). DEGs were defined as |log 2 FC|>1 and adjusted P-value <0.05. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ns. ns, not significant; ICR, Institute of Cancer Research; DEGs, differentially expressed genes; GO, Gene Ontology; FC, fold change; NOD, non-obese diabetic.

Article Snippet: To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in lacrimal gland injury, 20 male NOD/Ltj mice (12 weeks old, weighing 24–28 g) were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCXK(Jing)2019-0008] and 16 age-matched male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (weighing 35–40 g) were obtained from Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCKK(HU)2022-0004].

Techniques: Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biomarker Discovery, Labeling

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling drives Th17-mediated lacrimal gland injury and tear dysfunction in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13904

Figure Lengend Snippet: JSH-23 suppresses NF-κB pathway activation in lacrimal glands of NOD/Ltj mice. (A) Representative western blotting images presenting expression levels of NF-κB pathway-related proteins and downstream inflammatory mediators in ICR, NOD/Ltj and NOD/Ltj + JSH-23 groups. (B) Densitometric quantification of protein expression normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=4). **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. NOD/Ltj group; ns vs. ICR control. NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; ns, not significant; SD, standard deviation; ICR, Institute of Cancer Research; IKK, inhibitor of κB kinase; IκBα, inhibitor of κB α; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; p, phosphorylated; NOD, non-obese diabetic.

Article Snippet: To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in lacrimal gland injury, 20 male NOD/Ltj mice (12 weeks old, weighing 24–28 g) were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCXK(Jing)2019-0008] and 16 age-matched male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (weighing 35–40 g) were obtained from Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCKK(HU)2022-0004].

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling drives Th17-mediated lacrimal gland injury and tear dysfunction in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13904

Figure Lengend Snippet: JSH-23 modulates CARD14 and CCL19 expression in lacrimal glands of NOD/Ltj mice. (A) Representative immunohistochemical staining of CARD14 and CCL19 in lacrimal gland sections from ICR, NOD/Ltj and NOD/Ltj + JSH-23 groups (magnification, ×200 and ×400). (B) Quantitative analysis of CARD14 and CCL19 staining intensity. The y-axis represents MOD. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=4). *P<0.05 vs. NOD/Ltj group; ns vs. ICR control. ns, not significant; MOD, mean optical density; SD, standard deviation; ICR, Institute of Cancer Research; NOD, non-obese diabetic.

Article Snippet: To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in lacrimal gland injury, 20 male NOD/Ltj mice (12 weeks old, weighing 24–28 g) were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCXK(Jing)2019-0008] and 16 age-matched male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (weighing 35–40 g) were obtained from Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCKK(HU)2022-0004].

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling drives Th17-mediated lacrimal gland injury and tear dysfunction in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13904

Figure Lengend Snippet: JSH-23 reduces systemic Th17 cell frequency and inflammatory cytokine production in NOD/Ltj mice. (A) Representative flow cytometry plots presenting CD4+ and CD4+IL-17A+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ICR, NOD/Ltj and NOD/Ltj + JSH-23 groups. (B) Quantitative analysis of the proportion of CD4+IL-17A+ cells within the CD4+ T cell population. (C) Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-17A and TNF-α measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=6). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 and ****P<0.0001 vs. NOD/Ltj group; ns, not significant vs. ICR control. SD, standard deviation; Th17, T helper 17; NOD, non-obese diabetic; ICR, Institute of Cancer Research; IL-17A, interleukin-17A; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.

Article Snippet: To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in lacrimal gland injury, 20 male NOD/Ltj mice (12 weeks old, weighing 24–28 g) were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCXK(Jing)2019-0008] and 16 age-matched male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (weighing 35–40 g) were obtained from Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCKK(HU)2022-0004].

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling drives Th17-mediated lacrimal gland injury and tear dysfunction in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13904

Figure Lengend Snippet: JSH-23 reduces local Th17 cell infiltration in lacrimal glands of NOD/Ltj mice. (A) Representative immunohistochemical staining of CD4+ and IL-17A+ cells in lacrimal glands (magnification, ×200 and ×400). (B) Quantitative analysis of CD4+ and IL-17A+ cell infiltration based on mean optical density (MOD). (C) Representative immunofluorescence staining of CD4+ T cells and IL-17A in lacrimal gland sections from ICR, NOD/Ltj and NOD/Ltj + JSH-23 groups (scale bars, 20 µm). (D) Quantitative analysis of CD4 + and IL-17A + fluorescence intensity. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=4 per group). *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. NOD/Ltj group; ns, not significant vs. ICR control. MOD, mean optical density; SD, standard deviation; NOD, non-obese diabetic; ICR, Institute of Cancer Research; Th17, T helper 17; IL-17A, interleukin-17A.

Article Snippet: To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in lacrimal gland injury, 20 male NOD/Ltj mice (12 weeks old, weighing 24–28 g) were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCXK(Jing)2019-0008] and 16 age-matched male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (weighing 35–40 g) were obtained from Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCKK(HU)2022-0004].

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: NF-κB signaling drives Th17-mediated lacrimal gland injury and tear dysfunction in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13904

Figure Lengend Snippet: JSH-23 reduces lacrimal gland apoptosis and improves tear secretion in NOD/Ltj mice. (A) Representative TUNEL staining of lacrimal gland sections from ICR, NOD/Ltj and NOD/Ltj + JSH-23 groups (scale bars, 50 and 20 µm). (B) Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells expressed as percentage (%) of TUNEL + cells compared with total DAPI-stained nuclei. (C) Tear secretion measured by the phenol red thread assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=4 per group). *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. NOD/Ltj group; ns, not significant vs. ICR control. SD, standard deviation; NOD, non-obese diabetic; ICR, Institute of Cancer Research; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.

Article Snippet: To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in lacrimal gland injury, 20 male NOD/Ltj mice (12 weeks old, weighing 24–28 g) were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCXK(Jing)2019-0008] and 16 age-matched male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (weighing 35–40 g) were obtained from Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. [Experimental Animal Production License No. SCKK(HU)2022-0004].

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Control, Standard Deviation