Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in audiogenic seizure-susceptible L eucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 ( Lgi1 )-mutant rats

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic overview and experimental flow chart of in vivo microdialysis techniques (A). Glutamate and GABA release in the hippocampus. Extracellular levels of glutamate (B) and GABA (C) were compared between wild-type (WT) rats and Lgi1 -mutant rats. Depolarization stimulation involved applying high-concentration K + (50 mM)-containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for 60 min through the dialysis probe. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 5 or 6 animals. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, significantly different from WT group.

Article Snippet: F344- Lgi1 m1Kyo rats (NBRP Rat No. 0656) with a heterozygous missense mutation (L385R/+) by N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis techniques were provided by the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat, http://www.anim.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp ) [ ].

Techniques: In Vivo, Mutagenesis, Concentration Assay

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in audiogenic seizure-susceptible L eucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 ( Lgi1 )-mutant rats

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glutamate release in the hippocampus. Extracellular levels of glutamate were compared between non-primed wild-type (WT) and primed WT rats (A), non-primed Lgi1 -mutant and primed Lgi1 -mutant rats (B), and primed WT and primed Lgi1 -mutant rats (C) (data from B redisplayed for comparisons between non-primed rats and primed rats). Depolarization stimulation involved applying high-concentration K + (50 mM)-containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (High K + ) for 60 min through the dialysis probe. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 5–7 animals. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, significantly different from each other group.

Article Snippet: F344- Lgi1 m1Kyo rats (NBRP Rat No. 0656) with a heterozygous missense mutation (L385R/+) by N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis techniques were provided by the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat, http://www.anim.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp ) [ ].

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Concentration Assay

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in audiogenic seizure-susceptible L eucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 ( Lgi1 )-mutant rats

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17984

Figure Lengend Snippet: GABA release in the hippocampus. Extracellular levels of GABA were compared between non-primed wild-type (WT) and primed WT rats (A), non-primed Lgi1 -mutant and primed Lgi1 -mutant rats (B), and primed WT and primed Lgi1 -mutant rats (C) (data from C redisplayed for comparisons between non-primed rats and primed rats). Depolarization stimulation involved applying high-concentration K + (50 mM)-containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (High K + ) for 60 min. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 5–7 animals. ** P < 0.01, significantly different from each other group.

Article Snippet: F344- Lgi1 m1Kyo rats (NBRP Rat No. 0656) with a heterozygous missense mutation (L385R/+) by N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis techniques were provided by the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat, http://www.anim.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp ) [ ].

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Concentration Assay

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in audiogenic seizure-susceptible L eucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 ( Lgi1 )-mutant rats

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summarized results on hippocampal glutamate and GABA release in Lgi1 -mutant rats (A) and schematic drawing on the imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission potentially linked to audiogenic seizure-susceptibility in Lgi1 -mutant rats (B). Under naïve (non-primed) conditions, the Lgi1 -mutation potentiated high K + depolarization-evoked glutamate and GABA release. On the other hand, acoustic priming (AP) stimulation (at P16) increased the basal glutamate level both in Lgi1 -mutant and WT rats. It should be noted that, under primed condition, the Lgi1 -mutation caused enhanced glutamate release and diminished GABA release during high K + depolarization (shown in yellow). This imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in primed Lgi1 -mutant rats may be involved in generation of audiogenic seizures associated with Lgi1 -mutation. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: F344- Lgi1 m1Kyo rats (NBRP Rat No. 0656) with a heterozygous missense mutation (L385R/+) by N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis techniques were provided by the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat, http://www.anim.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp ) [ ].

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Lutein plus Water Chestnut ( Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) Extract Inhibits the Development of Cataracts and Induces Antioxidant Gene Expression in Lens Epithelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2020/9204620

Figure Lengend Snippet: Observation of lens opacity in 12-week-old SCRs administered LU+TBE by a feeding needle from the age of 9 weeks. (a) Stereoscopic observation of representative lenses. (b) The relative density of lenses. Data are expressed as the mean + standard deviation ( ∗ p < 0.001). (c) Histological analysis of representative lens. Bar = 80 μ m. SCR: Shumiya cataract rats; LU: lutein; TBE: Trapa bispinosa extract.

Article Snippet: SCRs (SCR/Sscr: NBRP Rat No. 0823) were supplied by the National BioResource Project-Rat, Kyoto University (Kyoto, Japan).

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Lutein plus Water Chestnut ( Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) Extract Inhibits the Development of Cataracts and Induces Antioxidant Gene Expression in Lens Epithelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2020/9204620

Figure Lengend Snippet: Observation of lens opacity in 10-week-old SCRs administered LU+TBE through a feeding needle from the age of 6 weeks. (a) Stereoscopic observation of representative lenses. (b) The density of lenses. Data are expressed as the mean + standard deviation ( ∗ p < 0.03). (c) Histological analysis of representative lens. Bar = 80 μ m. SCR: Shumiya cataract rats; LU: lutein; TBE: Trapa bispinosa extract.

Article Snippet: SCRs (SCR/Sscr: NBRP Rat No. 0823) were supplied by the National BioResource Project-Rat, Kyoto University (Kyoto, Japan).

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Lutein plus Water Chestnut ( Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) Extract Inhibits the Development of Cataracts and Induces Antioxidant Gene Expression in Lens Epithelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2020/9204620

Figure Lengend Snippet: Observation of lens opacity in 9-week-old SCRs after ad libitum access to chow with or without LU+TBE or TBE alone from the age of 6 weeks. (a) Stereoscopic observation of representative lenses. (b) The density of lenses. Data are expressed as the mean + standard deviation ( ∗ p < 0.0001, ∗∗ p < 0.005). (c) Histological analysis of representative lens. Bar = 80 μ m. SCR: Shumiya cataract rats; LU: lutein; TBE: Trapa bispinosa extract.

Article Snippet: SCRs (SCR/Sscr: NBRP Rat No. 0823) were supplied by the National BioResource Project-Rat, Kyoto University (Kyoto, Japan).

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Lutein plus Water Chestnut ( Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) Extract Inhibits the Development of Cataracts and Induces Antioxidant Gene Expression in Lens Epithelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2020/9204620

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of peroxiredoxin 6 ( Prdx6 ) and catalase in LECs from 9-week-old SCRs after access ad libitum chow with or without LU and TBE from the age of 6 weeks. (a) The expression of Prdx6 mRNA. (b) The expression of catalase mRNA. (c) The expression of Prdx6 protein. (d) The expression of catalase protein. Data are expressed as the mean + standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗ p < 0.02. LEC: lens epithelial cells; SCR: Shumiya cataract rats; LU: lutein; TBE: Trapa bispinosa extract.

Article Snippet: SCRs (SCR/Sscr: NBRP Rat No. 0823) were supplied by the National BioResource Project-Rat, Kyoto University (Kyoto, Japan).

Techniques: Expressing, Standard Deviation