Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of NBP-NPs. (A) Representative SEM images of NBP-NPs at magnifications of 40.0 kX and 70.0 kX. (B) Corresponding particle size distribution histogram. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. (C) FT-IR spectra of the samples in the range of 4,000–400 cm −1 . (D) XRD patterns of the samples in the 2θ range of 5°–50°. Curves (A) , (B) , and (C) represent NBP, SF-NPs, and NBP-NPs, respectively.

Article Snippet: NBP-NPs , ATCC 700392 , S , 10 , 20.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory and bactericidal effects of NBP and NBP-NPs. (A) The colony morphology of H. pylori strains after treatment with various drug concentrations. (B) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP. (C) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP-NPs. (D) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP. (E) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP-NPs.

Article Snippet: NBP-NPs , ATCC 700392 , S , 10 , 20.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular mechanisms of drug action against H. pylori . (A) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in ATCC 700392. (B) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in SS1. (C–E) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in ATCC 700392. (F–H) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in SS1 ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control group). (I) Drug-induced ultrastructural alterations in H. pylori SS1 observed by SEM (30.0 kx, 40.0 kx, 70.0 kx). CagA protein expression in H. pylori SS1 treated with (J) NBP and (K) NBP-NPs ( n =3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. con trol group).

Article Snippet: NBP-NPs , ATCC 700392 , S , 10 , 20.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Activity Assay, Control, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolite analysis of H. pylori SS1 treated in vitro with NBP and its nanoparticles. (A) TIC of QC sample chromatogram. (B) TIC of bacterial metabolites. The vertical axis represents the normalized intensity offset index for each group. The three distinct colors correspond to the three different experimental groups. (C) PCA of bacterial metabolites. (D) PLS-DA of bacterial metabolites. (E) Venn diagram analysis of differential metabolites between the NBP group and the NBP-NPs group. (F) Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the NBP group versus the control. (G) Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the NBP-NPs group versus the control. Metabolites marked in red, green, and gray represent those that are significantly upregulated, downregulated, or show no significant change, respectively. (H) Clustered heatmap showing the metabolite profiles of the NBP group compared to the control. (I) Clustered heatmap showing the metabolite profiles of the NBP-NPs group compared to the control. The color bar represents the relative abundance level of metabolites, with gradients from blue (low) to red (high). (J) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites from H. pylori SS1 after treatment with NBP. (K) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites from H. pylori SS1 after treatment with NBP-NPs. The size of each circle corresponds to the number of metabolites mapped to the pathway, and the color depth reflects the significance of the enrichment.

Article Snippet: NBP-NPs , ATCC 700392 , S , 10 , 20.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula XuMingZhuSan Alleviates Neuronal Ferroptosis in Rats After Stroke by Activating the NRF2 / GPX4 / SLC7A11 Pathway

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71495

Figure Lengend Snippet: XMZS reduced infarction volume and mitigated neuronal damage in MCAO rats. (A) Experimental flow of animal study. (B, C) XMZS treatment declined mNSS and Bederson scores in MCAO rats. (D, E) TTC staining indicated that XMZS treatment diminished infarction volume in MCAO rats. (F) H&E staining showed that XMZS treatment mitigated neuronal damage in the cortex, CA1, and CA3 regions of MCAO rats. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. **** p < 0.0001. The symbol “ns” represented no statistically significant difference between groups.

Article Snippet: For experiment 1, treatments of rats were as follows: rats of Sham group received the surgery similar to MCAO, but without the blockage of the middle cerebral artery; those of MCAO group underwent MCAO surgery; those in MCAO + XMZS‐L, MCAO + XMZS‐M, and MCAO + XMZS‐H groups were firstly subjected to MCAO surgery and then administered with XMZS by gavage for seven consecutive days (15.75, 31.5, and 63 g/kg for the MCAO + XMZS‐L group, MCAO + XMZS‐M group, and MCAO + XMZS‐H group, respectively; once daily); for rats of the MCAO + NBP group (served as the positive control group), they were firstly subjected to MCAO surgery and then treated with Butylphthalide (NBP) (HY‐B0647, MCE, New Jersey, USA) by intraperitoneal injection (80 mg/kg; once daily).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula XuMingZhuSan Alleviates Neuronal Ferroptosis in Rats After Stroke by Activating the NRF2 / GPX4 / SLC7A11 Pathway

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71495

Figure Lengend Snippet: XMZS suppressed ferroptosis in brain tissues of MCAO rats. (A–D) XMZS relieved ferroptosis in brain tissues of MCAO rats, as it reduced Fe and MDA contents and elevated SOD and GSH contents in brain tissues of MCAO rats. (E) By immunofluorescence staining, XMZS enhanced NeuN immunofluorescence staining in the cortex, CA1, and CA3 regions of MCAO rats. (F) By DHE staining, XMZS reduced ROS staining in the cortex, CA1, and CA3 regions of MCAO rats. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For experiment 1, treatments of rats were as follows: rats of Sham group received the surgery similar to MCAO, but without the blockage of the middle cerebral artery; those of MCAO group underwent MCAO surgery; those in MCAO + XMZS‐L, MCAO + XMZS‐M, and MCAO + XMZS‐H groups were firstly subjected to MCAO surgery and then administered with XMZS by gavage for seven consecutive days (15.75, 31.5, and 63 g/kg for the MCAO + XMZS‐L group, MCAO + XMZS‐M group, and MCAO + XMZS‐H group, respectively; once daily); for rats of the MCAO + NBP group (served as the positive control group), they were firstly subjected to MCAO surgery and then treated with Butylphthalide (NBP) (HY‐B0647, MCE, New Jersey, USA) by intraperitoneal injection (80 mg/kg; once daily).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula XuMingZhuSan Alleviates Neuronal Ferroptosis in Rats After Stroke by Activating the NRF2 / GPX4 / SLC7A11 Pathway

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71495

Figure Lengend Snippet: XMZS activated NRF2/GPX4/SLC7A11 pathway and mitigated mitochondrial damage in brain tissues of MCAO rats. (A–D) By Western blotting, the NRF2/GPX4/SLC7A11 pathway was inactivated in brain tissues of MCAO rats, but was activated after XMZS treatment. (E‐F) 4‐HNE/NeuN immunofluorescence staining displayed the increased neuronal 4‐HNE expression in brain tissues of MCAO rats, but XMZS decreased its expression. (G–I) TEM images displayed that XMZS relieved mitochondrial damage in brain tissues of MCAO rats, as it reduced ruptured mitochondria percentage and increased mitochondrial length. The capital letter “M” stood for mitochondria. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. **** p < 0.0001. The symbol “ns” represented no statistically significant difference between groups.

Article Snippet: For experiment 1, treatments of rats were as follows: rats of Sham group received the surgery similar to MCAO, but without the blockage of the middle cerebral artery; those of MCAO group underwent MCAO surgery; those in MCAO + XMZS‐L, MCAO + XMZS‐M, and MCAO + XMZS‐H groups were firstly subjected to MCAO surgery and then administered with XMZS by gavage for seven consecutive days (15.75, 31.5, and 63 g/kg for the MCAO + XMZS‐L group, MCAO + XMZS‐M group, and MCAO + XMZS‐H group, respectively; once daily); for rats of the MCAO + NBP group (served as the positive control group), they were firstly subjected to MCAO surgery and then treated with Butylphthalide (NBP) (HY‐B0647, MCE, New Jersey, USA) by intraperitoneal injection (80 mg/kg; once daily).

Techniques: Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula XuMingZhuSan Alleviates Neuronal Ferroptosis in Rats After Stroke by Activating the NRF2 / GPX4 / SLC7A11 Pathway

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71495

Figure Lengend Snippet: XMZS might alleviate neuronal damage and ferroptosis within brain tissues in MCAO rats via activating NRF2/GPX4/SLC7A11 pathway. (A, B) XMZS administration reduced mNSS and Bederson scores in MCAO rats, which was reversed by ML385. (C–F) The suppression of XMZS on ferroptosis in brain tissues of MCAO rats was eliminated by ML385. (G) Based on immunofluorescence staining, XMZS intensified NeuN immunofluorescence staining in the cortex, CA1, and CA3 regions of MCAO rats, whereas ML385 reversed this effect of XMZS. (H) As shown by DHE staining, XMZS attenuated ROS staining in the cortex, CA1, and CA3 regions of MCAO rats, but this influence was counteracted by ML385. (I–K) According to TEM images, the mitigation effect of XMZS on mitochondrial damage in brain tissues of MCAO rats was abolished by ML385. The capital letter “M” stood for mitochondria. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For experiment 1, treatments of rats were as follows: rats of Sham group received the surgery similar to MCAO, but without the blockage of the middle cerebral artery; those of MCAO group underwent MCAO surgery; those in MCAO + XMZS‐L, MCAO + XMZS‐M, and MCAO + XMZS‐H groups were firstly subjected to MCAO surgery and then administered with XMZS by gavage for seven consecutive days (15.75, 31.5, and 63 g/kg for the MCAO + XMZS‐L group, MCAO + XMZS‐M group, and MCAO + XMZS‐H group, respectively; once daily); for rats of the MCAO + NBP group (served as the positive control group), they were firstly subjected to MCAO surgery and then treated with Butylphthalide (NBP) (HY‐B0647, MCE, New Jersey, USA) by intraperitoneal injection (80 mg/kg; once daily).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory and bactericidal effects of NBP and NBP-NPs. (A) The colony morphology of H. pylori strains after treatment with various drug concentrations. (B) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP. (C) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP-NPs. (D) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP. (E) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP-NPs.

Article Snippet: NBP , ATCC 700392 , S , 16 , 32.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular mechanisms of drug action against H. pylori . (A) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in ATCC 700392. (B) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in SS1. (C–E) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in ATCC 700392. (F–H) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in SS1 ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control group). (I) Drug-induced ultrastructural alterations in H. pylori SS1 observed by SEM (30.0 kx, 40.0 kx, 70.0 kx). CagA protein expression in H. pylori SS1 treated with (J) NBP and (K) NBP-NPs ( n =3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. con trol group).

Article Snippet: NBP , ATCC 700392 , S , 16 , 32.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Activity Assay, Control, Expressing

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: N -butylphthalide (NBP) and ligustrazine (TMP) triazole hybrids target the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway to inhibit ferroptosis and exert brain neuroprotectivity

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103835

Figure Lengend Snippet: ML385 abolished the protective effects of 8a . (A) The cytotoxicity of tested compounds on the normal SH-SY5Y cells. (B) The protective effects of tested compounds on the OGD/R induced SH-SY5Y cells. (C) The effects of 8a , ML385 and 8a + ML385 on LDH release. (D–F) The effects of 8a , ML385 and 8a + ML385 on GSH, MDA, SOD level. (G) Detection of ROS by fluorescence with DCFH-DA in OGD/R induced SH-SY5Y cells. Scale bar = 20 μm, n = 3. (H) The fluorescent pictures of LPO on SH-SY5Y cells. Scale bar = 50 μm, n = 3. (I) The relevant intracellular ROS level. (J) The relevant intracellular LPO level. (K) Detection of MMP by fluorescence with JC-1. Scale bar = 20 μm, n = 3. (L) The ratio of JC-1 monomers and JC-1 aggregates. (M) SH-SY5Y cells were stained with Hoechst 33324/PI and then analyzed by fluorescence microscopy after objected to OGD/R and treatment of compounds. Scale bar = 20 μm, n = 3. (N) The ratio of PI and Hoechst after stained. Data are presented as mean ± SD of each group (n = 3). # P < 0.05, ### P < 0.001 vs control group, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs OGD/R group, & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01, &&& P < 0.001 vs NBP group.

Article Snippet: All test compounds, along with the positive controls NBP and ML385 (both from MCE), were dissolved in DMSO to prepare 5 mM stock solutions.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining, Microscopy, Control