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msr1  (Bioss)
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Bioss msr1
Msr1, supplied by Bioss, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/MSR1+Polyclonal+Antibody/pm41874225-212-18-21
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gene exp msr1 mm00446214 m1  (Thermo Fisher)
94
Thermo Fisher gene exp msr1 mm00446214 m1
Microglial phenotypes in C-EV-treated MPTP mice. (A) Schematic representation of microglial phenotypes: M1 (classically activated), M2a (alternatively activated), M2b (immune regulatory), and M2c (deactivated). The M1 phenotype is associated with pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD68, CD80, and CD32) and cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The M2a phenotype is characterized by anti-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD163 and CD206) and factors such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. M2b microglia exhibit a combination of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The M2c phenotype is characterized by deactivation and anti-inflammatory response. (B) Differential gene expression associated with the M1 phenotype. (C) Differential gene expression related to the M2a phenotype. (D) Differential gene expression related to the M2b phenotype. (E) Differential gene expression related to the M2c phenotype. Data are expressed as fold change. (F) Gene expression was analyzed using qPCR. The dotted line indicates the PBS group. N = 3 mice per group. *p < 0.05, versus PBS; # p < 0.05, versus MPTP. Abbreviations: PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; MPTP: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; C-EVs: Colostrum Derived Extracellular Vesicles; M1, M2a, M2b, M2c: Microglial activation phenotypes; CD68 : Cluster of Differentiation 68; CD32 : Fc Fragment of IgG, Low Affinity IIa, Receptor (FcγRII); CD16 : Fc Gamma Receptor IIIa (Fcgr3); CD86 : Cluster of Differentiation 86; CD74 : Cluster of Differentiation 74 (Invariant chain); H2-Eb1: MHC Class II, E Beta; <t>Msr1:</t> Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1; Arg1: Arginase 1; CD33 : sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-3); CD163 : Cluster of Differentiation 163; NR1C3 : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ); TGM2 : Transglutaminase 2; TREM2 : Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2; CD206 : Cluster of Differentiation 206 (Macrophage Mannose Receptor 1); CD301 : C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10, Member A; CD209 : Dendritic cell-specific ICAM 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN); Socs3 : Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3; IL1r1 : Interleukin 1 Receptor, Type 1; CD64 : Cluster of Differentiation 64 (Fc-gamma receptor 1;FcγRII); Sphk1/Sphk2 : Sphingosine Kinase 1/2; IL4R : Interleukin 4 Receptor; Scarb1 : Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 1; Mrc1 : Mannose Receptor, C Type 1.
Gene Exp Msr1 Mm00446214 M1, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/Gene+Exp%2E+Msr1%2C+Mm00446214_m1/pmc12905751-181-11-31
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anti cd204  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)
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Cell Signaling Technology Inc anti cd204
Microglial phenotypes in C-EV-treated MPTP mice. (A) Schematic representation of microglial phenotypes: M1 (classically activated), M2a (alternatively activated), M2b (immune regulatory), and M2c (deactivated). The M1 phenotype is associated with pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD68, CD80, and CD32) and cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The M2a phenotype is characterized by anti-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD163 and CD206) and factors such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. M2b microglia exhibit a combination of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The M2c phenotype is characterized by deactivation and anti-inflammatory response. (B) Differential gene expression associated with the M1 phenotype. (C) Differential gene expression related to the M2a phenotype. (D) Differential gene expression related to the M2b phenotype. (E) Differential gene expression related to the M2c phenotype. Data are expressed as fold change. (F) Gene expression was analyzed using qPCR. The dotted line indicates the PBS group. N = 3 mice per group. *p < 0.05, versus PBS; # p < 0.05, versus MPTP. Abbreviations: PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; MPTP: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; C-EVs: Colostrum Derived Extracellular Vesicles; M1, M2a, M2b, M2c: Microglial activation phenotypes; CD68 : Cluster of Differentiation 68; CD32 : Fc Fragment of IgG, Low Affinity IIa, Receptor (FcγRII); CD16 : Fc Gamma Receptor IIIa (Fcgr3); CD86 : Cluster of Differentiation 86; CD74 : Cluster of Differentiation 74 (Invariant chain); H2-Eb1: MHC Class II, E Beta; <t>Msr1:</t> Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1; Arg1: Arginase 1; CD33 : sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-3); CD163 : Cluster of Differentiation 163; NR1C3 : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ); TGM2 : Transglutaminase 2; TREM2 : Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2; CD206 : Cluster of Differentiation 206 (Macrophage Mannose Receptor 1); CD301 : C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10, Member A; CD209 : Dendritic cell-specific ICAM 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN); Socs3 : Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3; IL1r1 : Interleukin 1 Receptor, Type 1; CD64 : Cluster of Differentiation 64 (Fc-gamma receptor 1;FcγRII); Sphk1/Sphk2 : Sphingosine Kinase 1/2; IL4R : Interleukin 4 Receptor; Scarb1 : Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 1; Mrc1 : Mannose Receptor, C Type 1.
Anti Cd204, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/MSR1+Rabbit+mAb/pm41925955-82-52-57
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
anti cd204 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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anti mouse cd204  (Sino Biological)
90
Sino Biological anti mouse cd204
Microglial phenotypes in C-EV-treated MPTP mice. (A) Schematic representation of microglial phenotypes: M1 (classically activated), M2a (alternatively activated), M2b (immune regulatory), and M2c (deactivated). The M1 phenotype is associated with pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD68, CD80, and CD32) and cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The M2a phenotype is characterized by anti-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD163 and CD206) and factors such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. M2b microglia exhibit a combination of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The M2c phenotype is characterized by deactivation and anti-inflammatory response. (B) Differential gene expression associated with the M1 phenotype. (C) Differential gene expression related to the M2a phenotype. (D) Differential gene expression related to the M2b phenotype. (E) Differential gene expression related to the M2c phenotype. Data are expressed as fold change. (F) Gene expression was analyzed using qPCR. The dotted line indicates the PBS group. N = 3 mice per group. *p < 0.05, versus PBS; # p < 0.05, versus MPTP. Abbreviations: PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; MPTP: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; C-EVs: Colostrum Derived Extracellular Vesicles; M1, M2a, M2b, M2c: Microglial activation phenotypes; CD68 : Cluster of Differentiation 68; CD32 : Fc Fragment of IgG, Low Affinity IIa, Receptor (FcγRII); CD16 : Fc Gamma Receptor IIIa (Fcgr3); CD86 : Cluster of Differentiation 86; CD74 : Cluster of Differentiation 74 (Invariant chain); H2-Eb1: MHC Class II, E Beta; <t>Msr1:</t> Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1; Arg1: Arginase 1; CD33 : sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-3); CD163 : Cluster of Differentiation 163; NR1C3 : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ); TGM2 : Transglutaminase 2; TREM2 : Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2; CD206 : Cluster of Differentiation 206 (Macrophage Mannose Receptor 1); CD301 : C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10, Member A; CD209 : Dendritic cell-specific ICAM 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN); Socs3 : Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3; IL1r1 : Interleukin 1 Receptor, Type 1; CD64 : Cluster of Differentiation 64 (Fc-gamma receptor 1;FcγRII); Sphk1/Sphk2 : Sphingosine Kinase 1/2; IL4R : Interleukin 4 Receptor; Scarb1 : Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 1; Mrc1 : Mannose Receptor, C Type 1.
Anti Mouse Cd204, supplied by Sino Biological, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/MSR1+CD204+Antibody%2C+Mouse+MAb/pm41419362-94-3-5
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anti mouse cd204 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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gene exp msr1 hs00234007 m1  (Thermo Fisher)
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Thermo Fisher gene exp msr1 hs00234007 m1
Time-course changes in mRNA expression of immune cell markers in urine. ΔCt values (relative to GAPDH ) for CD33 , PD-L1 ( CD274 ), PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2 ), and CD204 ( <t>MSR1</t> ) in urine sediment collected at four time points: before TURBT, before BCG induction, immediately after completion of six BCG instillations, and 3 months after BCG. CD33 increased immediately after BCG and remained elevated for 3 months, whereas CD204 significantly increased after BCG. PD-L1 and PD-L2 showed significant increases immediately after BCG treatment, with PD-L2 returning to baseline by 3 months. P values were obtained from paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests versus the pre-TURBT baseline. ns: not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin.
Gene Exp Msr1 Hs00234007 M1, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 88/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/Gene+Exp%2E+MSR1%2C+Hs00234007_m1/pmc13087446-102-33-2
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msr1 monoclonal antibody  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)
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Cell Signaling Technology Inc msr1 monoclonal antibody
Time-course changes in mRNA expression of immune cell markers in urine. ΔCt values (relative to GAPDH ) for CD33 , PD-L1 ( CD274 ), PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2 ), and CD204 ( <t>MSR1</t> ) in urine sediment collected at four time points: before TURBT, before BCG induction, immediately after completion of six BCG instillations, and 3 months after BCG. CD33 increased immediately after BCG and remained elevated for 3 months, whereas CD204 significantly increased after BCG. PD-L1 and PD-L2 showed significant increases immediately after BCG treatment, with PD-L2 returning to baseline by 3 months. P values were obtained from paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests versus the pre-TURBT baseline. ns: not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin.
Msr1 Monoclonal Antibody, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/10__3390_slash_ijms27010296-208-7-13
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msr1 monoclonal antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
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goat anti mouse msr1  (R&D Systems)
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Time-course changes in mRNA expression of immune cell markers in urine. ΔCt values (relative to GAPDH ) for CD33 , PD-L1 ( CD274 ), PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2 ), and CD204 ( <t>MSR1</t> ) in urine sediment collected at four time points: before TURBT, before BCG induction, immediately after completion of six BCG instillations, and 3 months after BCG. CD33 increased immediately after BCG and remained elevated for 3 months, whereas CD204 significantly increased after BCG. PD-L1 and PD-L2 showed significant increases immediately after BCG treatment, with PD-L2 returning to baseline by 3 months. P values were obtained from paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests versus the pre-TURBT baseline. ns: not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin.
Goat Anti Mouse Msr1, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/Mouse+SR-AI%2FMSR+Antibody/pm41402696-84-42-48
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human msr1 extracellular domain  (R&D Systems)
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R&D Systems human msr1 extracellular domain
Time-course changes in mRNA expression of immune cell markers in urine. ΔCt values (relative to GAPDH ) for CD33 , PD-L1 ( CD274 ), PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2 ), and CD204 ( <t>MSR1</t> ) in urine sediment collected at four time points: before TURBT, before BCG induction, immediately after completion of six BCG instillations, and 3 months after BCG. CD33 increased immediately after BCG and remained elevated for 3 months, whereas CD204 significantly increased after BCG. PD-L1 and PD-L2 showed significant increases immediately after BCG treatment, with PD-L2 returning to baseline by 3 months. P values were obtained from paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests versus the pre-TURBT baseline. ns: not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin.
Human Msr1 Extracellular Domain, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/Recombinant+Human+SR-AI%2FMSR+Protein%2C+CF/us12497460-1373-27-37
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recombinant monomeric human msr1 protein  (R&D Systems)
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R&D Systems recombinant monomeric human msr1 protein
Time-course changes in mRNA expression of immune cell markers in urine. ΔCt values (relative to GAPDH ) for CD33 , PD-L1 ( CD274 ), PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2 ), and CD204 ( <t>MSR1</t> ) in urine sediment collected at four time points: before TURBT, before BCG induction, immediately after completion of six BCG instillations, and 3 months after BCG. CD33 increased immediately after BCG and remained elevated for 3 months, whereas CD204 significantly increased after BCG. PD-L1 and PD-L2 showed significant increases immediately after BCG treatment, with PD-L2 returning to baseline by 3 months. P values were obtained from paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests versus the pre-TURBT baseline. ns: not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin.
Recombinant Monomeric Human Msr1 Protein, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/msr1/Recombinant+Human+SR-AI%2FMSR+Protein%2C+CF/us12497460-1518-3-25
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Image Search Results


Microglial phenotypes in C-EV-treated MPTP mice. (A) Schematic representation of microglial phenotypes: M1 (classically activated), M2a (alternatively activated), M2b (immune regulatory), and M2c (deactivated). The M1 phenotype is associated with pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD68, CD80, and CD32) and cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The M2a phenotype is characterized by anti-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD163 and CD206) and factors such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. M2b microglia exhibit a combination of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The M2c phenotype is characterized by deactivation and anti-inflammatory response. (B) Differential gene expression associated with the M1 phenotype. (C) Differential gene expression related to the M2a phenotype. (D) Differential gene expression related to the M2b phenotype. (E) Differential gene expression related to the M2c phenotype. Data are expressed as fold change. (F) Gene expression was analyzed using qPCR. The dotted line indicates the PBS group. N = 3 mice per group. *p < 0.05, versus PBS; # p < 0.05, versus MPTP. Abbreviations: PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; MPTP: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; C-EVs: Colostrum Derived Extracellular Vesicles; M1, M2a, M2b, M2c: Microglial activation phenotypes; CD68 : Cluster of Differentiation 68; CD32 : Fc Fragment of IgG, Low Affinity IIa, Receptor (FcγRII); CD16 : Fc Gamma Receptor IIIa (Fcgr3); CD86 : Cluster of Differentiation 86; CD74 : Cluster of Differentiation 74 (Invariant chain); H2-Eb1: MHC Class II, E Beta; Msr1: Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1; Arg1: Arginase 1; CD33 : sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-3); CD163 : Cluster of Differentiation 163; NR1C3 : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ); TGM2 : Transglutaminase 2; TREM2 : Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2; CD206 : Cluster of Differentiation 206 (Macrophage Mannose Receptor 1); CD301 : C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10, Member A; CD209 : Dendritic cell-specific ICAM 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN); Socs3 : Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3; IL1r1 : Interleukin 1 Receptor, Type 1; CD64 : Cluster of Differentiation 64 (Fc-gamma receptor 1;FcγRII); Sphk1/Sphk2 : Sphingosine Kinase 1/2; IL4R : Interleukin 4 Receptor; Scarb1 : Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 1; Mrc1 : Mannose Receptor, C Type 1.

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: Colostrum extracellular vesicles are neuroprotective in models of Parkinson's disease

doi: 10.7150/thno.128257

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microglial phenotypes in C-EV-treated MPTP mice. (A) Schematic representation of microglial phenotypes: M1 (classically activated), M2a (alternatively activated), M2b (immune regulatory), and M2c (deactivated). The M1 phenotype is associated with pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD68, CD80, and CD32) and cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The M2a phenotype is characterized by anti-inflammatory markers (e.g., CD163 and CD206) and factors such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. M2b microglia exhibit a combination of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The M2c phenotype is characterized by deactivation and anti-inflammatory response. (B) Differential gene expression associated with the M1 phenotype. (C) Differential gene expression related to the M2a phenotype. (D) Differential gene expression related to the M2b phenotype. (E) Differential gene expression related to the M2c phenotype. Data are expressed as fold change. (F) Gene expression was analyzed using qPCR. The dotted line indicates the PBS group. N = 3 mice per group. *p < 0.05, versus PBS; # p < 0.05, versus MPTP. Abbreviations: PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; MPTP: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; C-EVs: Colostrum Derived Extracellular Vesicles; M1, M2a, M2b, M2c: Microglial activation phenotypes; CD68 : Cluster of Differentiation 68; CD32 : Fc Fragment of IgG, Low Affinity IIa, Receptor (FcγRII); CD16 : Fc Gamma Receptor IIIa (Fcgr3); CD86 : Cluster of Differentiation 86; CD74 : Cluster of Differentiation 74 (Invariant chain); H2-Eb1: MHC Class II, E Beta; Msr1: Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1; Arg1: Arginase 1; CD33 : sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec-3); CD163 : Cluster of Differentiation 163; NR1C3 : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ); TGM2 : Transglutaminase 2; TREM2 : Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2; CD206 : Cluster of Differentiation 206 (Macrophage Mannose Receptor 1); CD301 : C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10, Member A; CD209 : Dendritic cell-specific ICAM 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN); Socs3 : Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3; IL1r1 : Interleukin 1 Receptor, Type 1; CD64 : Cluster of Differentiation 64 (Fc-gamma receptor 1;FcγRII); Sphk1/Sphk2 : Sphingosine Kinase 1/2; IL4R : Interleukin 4 Receptor; Scarb1 : Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 1; Mrc1 : Mannose Receptor, C Type 1.

Article Snippet: Primers included LCN2 (Mm01324470_m), CD68 (Mm03047343_m1), CD32 (Mm00438875_m1), CD16 (Mm00438882_m1), Msr1 (Mm00446214_m1), CD33 (Mm00491152_m1), Socs3 (Mm00545913_s1), IL1r1 (Mm00434237_m1), CCR6 (Mm99999114_s1), Chil3 (Mm00657889_mH), CCL21 (Mm03646971_gH), S100a4 (Mm00803372_g1),CCL4 (Mm00443111_m1), Arg1 (Mm00475988_m1), all from ThermoFisher Scientific, MA, USA).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Saline, Derivative Assay, Activation Assay, Binding Assay

Time-course changes in mRNA expression of immune cell markers in urine. ΔCt values (relative to GAPDH ) for CD33 , PD-L1 ( CD274 ), PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2 ), and CD204 ( MSR1 ) in urine sediment collected at four time points: before TURBT, before BCG induction, immediately after completion of six BCG instillations, and 3 months after BCG. CD33 increased immediately after BCG and remained elevated for 3 months, whereas CD204 significantly increased after BCG. PD-L1 and PD-L2 showed significant increases immediately after BCG treatment, with PD-L2 returning to baseline by 3 months. P values were obtained from paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests versus the pre-TURBT baseline. ns: not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin.

Journal: Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy

Article Title: Changes of urinary immunity and microbiome after intravesical BCG therapy and their association with outcomes in NMIBC

doi: 10.37349/etat.2026.1002365

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-course changes in mRNA expression of immune cell markers in urine. ΔCt values (relative to GAPDH ) for CD33 , PD-L1 ( CD274 ), PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2 ), and CD204 ( MSR1 ) in urine sediment collected at four time points: before TURBT, before BCG induction, immediately after completion of six BCG instillations, and 3 months after BCG. CD33 increased immediately after BCG and remained elevated for 3 months, whereas CD204 significantly increased after BCG. PD-L1 and PD-L2 showed significant increases immediately after BCG treatment, with PD-L2 returning to baseline by 3 months. P values were obtained from paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests versus the pre-TURBT baseline. ns: not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin.

Article Snippet: TaqMan assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) quantified PD-L1 ( CD274 ; assay ID: Hs00204257_m1), PD-L2 ( PDCD1LG2 ; assay ID: Hs00228839_m1), CD33 (assay ID: Hs01076282_g1), CD204 ( MSR1 ; assay ID: Hs00234007_m1), PD-1 ( PDCD1 ; assay ID: Hs0001550088_m1), CTLA4 (assay ID: Hs00175480_m1), FOXP3 (assay ID: Hs01085834_m1), CD3E (assay ID: Hs01062241_m1), CD14 (assay ID: Hs02621496_s1), CD25 (assay ID: Hs0158122_m1), CD11b ( ITGAM ; assay ID: Hs00167304_m1), and Elastase-1 (assay ID: Hs00204m1) in technical triplicates and were normalized to GAPDH .

Techniques: Expressing