Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Sulfated polysaccharide prevents senescent adipocyte-driven osteonecrosis by stem cell fate reprogramming

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Continuous intraosseous administration of SCS prevents glucocorticoid-induced bone degeneration. ( A ) Schematic illustration of the glucocorticoid (GC; MPS)-induced bone deterioration and intraosseous SCS treatment. ( B-D ) Representative H&E staining images of the femur at 6 weeks (B). Magnified views of the cortical bone and trabecular bone in the marrow cavity are shown on the right. Solid arrows indicate normal osteocytes, while hollow arrows indicate empty osteocyte lacunae. Quantification of empty lacunae ratios in cortical bone (C) and trabecular bone (D). n = 6 biological replicates. (Scale bars, 500 μm and 25 μm) ( E-H ) Representative immunofluorescence staining of OPN + mature osteoblasts, osteolectin + osteoprogenitors, and VE-cadherin + endothelial cells (ECs) in femur at 6 weeks (E), and corresponding quantifications (F–H). n = 6 biological replicates. (Scale bars, 100 μm and 20 μm) ( I and J ) Representative flow cytometry plots of capillary subtypes in the femur (I), with quantification of CD45 − Ter119 − CD31 hi Emcn hi ECs (J). n = 6 biological replicates. ( K and L ) Flow cytometry plots showing Sca-1 hi CD31 hi arteriolar ECs (K), and corresponding quantification (L). n = 6 biological replicates. ( M and N ) Representative micro-CT 3D images of the femur (M). Quantitative analysis of percent bone volume (BV/TV) (N). n = 6 biological replicates. (Scale bars, 1.5 mm, 600 μm and 545 μm) ( O and P ) ELISA analysis of VEGF (O) and PDGF-BB (P) levels in bone marrow supernatant and peripheral serum from PBS- and SCS-treated groups at week 6. n = 6 biological replicates. ( Q ) ELISA quantification of the osteogenic factor osteocalcin in peripheral serum at week 6. n = 6 biological replicates. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, not significant. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test ( C, D, F, G, H, J, L, N, O, P and Q ).

Article Snippet: High-resolution micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning was performed using the Skyscan 1272 system (Skyscan).

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Micro-CT, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Sulfated polysaccharide prevents senescent adipocyte-driven osteonecrosis by stem cell fate reprogramming

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.039

Figure Lengend Snippet: SCS targets downstream senescent lineage commitment of bone marrow MSCs to mitigate GC-induced bone deterioration. ( A ) Schematic diagram illustrating the experimental design: CD45 − Ter119 − CD31 − LepR + MSCs isolated from mice co-treated with SCS and MPS for 7 days were subjected to in vitro lineage-competitive differentiation, followed by DEX-induced senescence in lineage-mixed cells. These cells were then adoptively transplanted into healthy bone marrow cavity to assess bone deterioration development. ( B ) Representative H&E-stained images of the femur 12 weeks after adoptive transfer. PBS-DEX group: LepR + MSCs from PBS and MPS co-treated mice subjected to in vitro lineage differentiation and DEX-induced senescence, followed by transplantation. SCS-DEX group: LepR + MSCs from SCS and MPS co-treated mice processed similarly. PBS group: solvent control without cell transplantation. Solid arrows indicate intact osteocytes; hollow arrows indicate empty lacunae. (Scale bars, 250 μm and 25 μm) ( C – E ) Quantitative analysis of marrow hypertrophic adipocyte diameter (C), proportion of empty osteocyte lacunae in trabecular bone (D), and adipocyte number (E) in the metaphysis 12 weeks post-transplantation. n = 19 biological replicates (C), n = 6 biological replicates (D), n = 8 biological replicates (E). ( F ) Quantification of empty lacunae in epiphysis at 12 weeks post-transplantation. n = 6 biological replicates. ( G – I ) Representative flow cytometry plots of capillary ECs subtypes in the femur at 12 weeks (G), with quantification of CD45 − Ter119 − CD31 hi Emcn hi ECs (H) and CD45 − Ter119 − CD31 lo Emcn lo ECs (I). n = 6 biological replicates. ( J and K ) Representative flow cytometry plots (J) and corresponding quantification (K) of CD45 − Ter119 − Sca-1 hi CD31 hi arteriolar ECs in the femur at 12 weeks post-transplantation. n = 6 biological replicates. ( L ) Representative micro-CT images of the femur at 12 weeks post-transplantation across different treatment groups. (Scale bars, 1.5 mm and 500 μm) ( M – P ) Quantitative analysis of bone parameters in the metaphysis: bone mineral density (BMD) (M), percent bone volume (BV/TV) (N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) (O), and trabecular number (Tb.N) (P). n = 6 biological replicates. ( Q ) Serum ELISA analysis of the osteogenic marker osteocalcin at 12 weeks post-transplantation. n = 6 biological replicates. ( R and S ) ELISA analysis of PDGF-BB (R) and VEGF (S) in both bone marrow supernatant and peripheral serum at 12 weeks post-transplantation. n = 6 biological replicates. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, not significant. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test ( C, D, E, F, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, Q, R and S ).

Article Snippet: High-resolution micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning was performed using the Skyscan 1272 system (Skyscan).

Techniques: Isolation, In Vitro, Staining, Adoptive Transfer Assay, Transplantation Assay, Solvent, Control, Flow Cytometry, Micro-CT, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Marker

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Neutrophil membrane biomimetic nanoparticles encapsulating kartogenin promote articular cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1816421

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment for in vivo chondrogenic ability of KGN-NNPs. (a) Macroscopic evaluation of cartilage repair in rat ACD model at 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-operation (scale bars, 2 mm). (b) BV/TV value of samples at 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-operation. (c) Micro-CT scanning of osteochondral repair for different groups at 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-operation (scale bars, 2 mm). (d) Tb.Th value of samples at 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-operation. Data were presented as mean ± S.D. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. In all datasets, n = 3 independent experiments were performed.

Article Snippet: A micro-CT scan system (Skyscan 1,176, Kontich, Belgium) was employed to evaluate the reconstruction of cartilage, bone and subchondral bone with a scanning parameter at 65 kV, 385 mA, 1 mm AI filter.

Techniques: In Vivo, Micro-CT

Journal: Journal of Orthopaedic Translation

Article Title: Engineering multifunctional microspheres for sequential regulation of osteoimmune microenvironment and bone remodeling balance to promote regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects

doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2026.101054

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo evaluation of composite microspheres for repairing osteoporotic bone defects in rats. (A) Schematic illustration of the osteoporotic rat model and femoral metaphysis defect model construction. (B) Micro-CT reconstructed images showing overall bone tissue repair and cross-sectional views at 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-surgery. (C-F) Quantitative analysis of new bone formation parameters at 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-surgery: bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and bone mineral density (BMD) (n = 3) (∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA).

Article Snippet: Ex vivo micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning was performed using the SkyScan1276 system (BRUKER, Germany) at a resolution of 10 μm, followed by 3D reconstruction.

Techniques: In Vivo, Micro-CT

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: ANGPTL8 accelerates bone loss in diabetic mice by promoting osteoclastic differentiation and inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation through AMPK pathway-mediated metabolic reprogramming

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-06077-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: The attenuation of diabetes-induced osteoporosis through ANGPTL8 knockout. ( A ) Schematic representation of the diabetic osteoporosis model construction. ( B ) FBG levels in mice at the onset (0 weeks) and conclusion (20 weeks) of the experiment. ( C ) Body weight measurements of mice at the onset (0 weeks) and conclusion (20 weeks) of the experiment. ( D ) ELISA analysis for quantifying ANGPTL8 levels in mouse plasma. ( E ) Micro-CT imaging of mouse femurs. ( F - J ) Analysis of Micro-CT data for bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in mouse femurs. Data are presented as mean ± SD; ( N = 5). ns: not significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: The trabecular bone microarchitecture in the right femur of mice was assessed using Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning (Quantum GX2; Perkin Elmer).

Techniques: Knock-Out, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Micro-CT, Imaging