Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: A Bead Biofilm Reactor for High-Throughput Growth and Translational Applications

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081588

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reactor design from original prototype to final dish, viewed top-down and from the side. ( a ) Initial glass dish prototype with fifty divots etched with a Dremel tool. We found that this approach could adequately hold 4 mm glass beads in place when exposed to 40 rpm shear force. However, the manufacturing process was laborious and somewhat inconsistent. Biofilm growth could be seen adhering to Dremel surface defects along the dish. ( b ) A SolidWorks insert that contained fifty divots and could be exchanged between crystallizing dishes or manufactured with different materials. ( c ) The final reactor system with an aluminum foil lid. The metal insert prevented bead substrates from dislodging in the assembled reactor, even when broth was added in a biosafety cabinet.

Article Snippet: The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) Assay ® Kit from Innovotech (Edmonton, AB, Canada; formerly The Calgary Biofilm Device) is commonly used for susceptibility testing and imaging [ , , ].

Techniques: Shear, Hood

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: A Bead Biofilm Reactor for High-Throughput Growth and Translational Applications

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081588

Figure Lengend Snippet: Images of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm growth on glass bead substrates at different SEM magnifications and live/dead-stained. ( a ) Representative SEM images of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm growth on the surface of a sanded glass bead taken at 500× magnification. S. aureus growth appeared to increase in thickness around textured areas, whereas P. aeruginosa dwelled in a multilayer sheet evenly covering the bead surface. ( b ) Representative SEM images of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm on the surface of a sanded glass bead at 1000× magnification. S. aureus growth correlated with substrate texture: biofilm plumes appeared to increase where sanded defects were most prominent. Comparatively, P. aeruginosa continued to grow in a sheet across the bead surface. ( c ) A representative z-slice image of live/dead-stained biofilms taken with an inverted light microscope showed predominately living (green) and fewer dead (red) stained bacteria cells. These images were taken at 60× magnification.

Article Snippet: The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) Assay ® Kit from Innovotech (Edmonton, AB, Canada; formerly The Calgary Biofilm Device) is commonly used for susceptibility testing and imaging [ , , ].

Techniques: Staining, Light Microscopy, Bacteria

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: A Bead Biofilm Reactor for High-Throughput Growth and Translational Applications

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081588

Figure Lengend Snippet: Log 10 CFU per mm 2 of S. aureus biofilm on beads grown in eight reactor runs. Gray bars represent the average CFU per eight trials, and black circles denote the specific CFU of each bead quantified (n = 6 per trial). There was greater variability in bioburden between beads of the same reactor than averages of each trial.

Article Snippet: The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) Assay ® Kit from Innovotech (Edmonton, AB, Canada; formerly The Calgary Biofilm Device) is commonly used for susceptibility testing and imaging [ , , ].

Techniques: Bioburden Testing

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: A Bead Biofilm Reactor for High-Throughput Growth and Translational Applications

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081588

Figure Lengend Snippet: Log 10 CFU per mm 2 of P. aeruginosa biofilm on beads grown in eight reactor runs. Gray bars represent the average CFU per eight trials, and black circles the specific CFU of each bead (n = 6 per trial). Variability of P. aeruginosa bioburden occurred both between trials and within substrates of the same trial.

Article Snippet: The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) Assay ® Kit from Innovotech (Edmonton, AB, Canada; formerly The Calgary Biofilm Device) is commonly used for susceptibility testing and imaging [ , , ].

Techniques: Bioburden Testing

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: A Bead Biofilm Reactor for High-Throughput Growth and Translational Applications

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081588

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average bioburden of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa between standard MBEC and CDC reactor growth methods in which glass substrates were used. Mean log 10 CFU/mm 2 of MBEC and CDC biofilm was obtained by exponentiating reported outcomes, recalculating them in CFU per mm 2 , and then log-transforming them. Reporting outcomes per substrate area facilities a direct comparison between biofilms on smaller surfaces areas, such as MBEC pegs and glass beads, and biofilm on larger CDC coupons.

Article Snippet: The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) Assay ® Kit from Innovotech (Edmonton, AB, Canada; formerly The Calgary Biofilm Device) is commonly used for susceptibility testing and imaging [ , , ].

Techniques: Bioburden Testing, Comparison