Journal: Neuropharmacology

Article Title: Ivermectin Reduces Withdrawal-Induced Alcohol Intake in Rats: Association with CeA GABAergic Enhancement and P2rx4 Genetic Liability

doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110881

Figure Lengend Snippet: Data were obtained from 54 cells across 28 rats (Responders: n=20 cells/[8] rats; Non-responders: n=21 cells/[9] rats; Mild Responders: n=7 cells/[5] rats; Naïve: n=6 cells/[4] rats). Dose-response effects (1, 5, 10 μM; averaged over 12 min) in responders versus non-responders: ( A ) Frequency, significantly increased only in responders at 10 μM (*P = 0.0263). ( B ) Amplitude, significantly decreased only in responders at 10 μM (**P = 0.0034). ( C ) Rise time, significantly increased in non-responders at all doses (**P < 0.05 to ***P < 0.01) and in responders at 5 μM and 10 μM (*P < 0.05). ( D ) Decay time, significantly increased only in non-responders at 10 μM (*P = 0.0420). Effects at 10 μM across all groups (ethanol-naïve controls, non-responders, mild responders, responders): ( E ) Frequency, significantly increased only in responders (*P = 0.0263). ( F ) Amplitude, significantly decreased only in responders (**P = 0.0034). ( G ) Rise time, significantly increased in non-responders (*P = 0.0328) and responders (*P = 0.0467). ( H ) Decay time, significantly increased only in non-responders (*P = 0.0420). Temporal dynamics at 10 μM: ( I ) Representative sIPSC traces shown for non-responders, mild responders, and responders. ( J ) Timeline of frequency changes (3-min bins), with two-way ANOVA showing a significant time × group interaction (P < 0.0001); Bonferroni’s post-hoc tests indicated differences at 9 minutes and 12 minutes (*P < 0.05 vs non-responders and # P < 0.05 vs mild responders). ( K ) Frequency per bin relative to baseline for each group, with significant elevations in non-responders at 3 minutes (*P = 0.0150), mild responders at 6 minutes (*P = 0.0281), and responders at 9 minutes (*P = 0.0120) and 12 minutes (**P = 0.0080). All data are presented as mean ± SEM (normalized to baseline [100%]); statistical analyses used one-sample t-tests against 100% unless otherwise noted.

Article Snippet: Ivermectin (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) was freshly dissolved in a vehicle containing 95% physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) and 5% Tween 80 and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 4 hours before behavioral testing, using a Latin Square design.

Techniques:

Journal: Neuropharmacology

Article Title: Ivermectin Reduces Withdrawal-Induced Alcohol Intake in Rats: Association with CeA GABAergic Enhancement and P2rx4 Genetic Liability

doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110881

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ethanol escalation and reduction by ivermectin. Data depict a cohort of n=32 (16 males, blue circles; 16 females, pink circles) tested in a Latin square design. ( A ) Temporal profile of operant ethanol intake (10% v/v; 0.1 mL/reinforcer). Highlighting indicates post-vapor sessions. ANOVA showed a main effect of time (P<0.0001); Bonferroni’s post-hocs revealed increases from the last pre-vapor session (session 10) to post-vapor sessions 17–22 (**P<0.01, *P<0.001). ( B ) Average intake during the final three pre-vapor vs. post-vapor sessions (paired t-test: P<0.0001). ( C ) Blood alcohol levels (BALs) across vapor weeks (Time effect: **P=0.0056); progressive increases observed from week 5 vs. weeks 6–10 (P<0.0001). ( D ) Dose-dependent reduction of ethanol intake by ivermectin (0–10 mg/kg, i.p., administered −4 h). ANOVA showed a significant treatment effect (P=0.0002); post-hocs confirmed reductions at 5 and 10 mg/kg vs. vehicle (P<0.01). ( E ) Number of rewards earned (Treatment effect: P=0.0078; * P<0.05 vs. vehicle at 5 and 10 mg/kg). ( F ) Water rewards (non-specific control) were unaffected (P=0.57). ( G ) Ethanol intake separated by sex. Two-way ANOVA showed main effects of dose (P=0.0001) and sex (P=0.0011) but no interaction. ( H ) Males only: significant treatment effect (P=0.0073; * P<0.05 at 5 and 10 mg/kg). ( I ) Females only: significant treatment effect (P=0.0279; * P<0.05 at 10 mg/kg). Data expressed as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Ivermectin (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) was freshly dissolved in a vehicle containing 95% physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) and 5% Tween 80 and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 4 hours before behavioral testing, using a Latin Square design.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Neuropharmacology

Article Title: Ivermectin Reduces Withdrawal-Induced Alcohol Intake in Rats: Association with CeA GABAergic Enhancement and P2rx4 Genetic Liability

doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110881

Figure Lengend Snippet: All panels depict data from the cohort (n = 32; 16 males, 16 females) stratified into non-responders (n = 11), mild responders (n = 10), and responders (n = 11) based on averaged Z-scores of deltas decrease in intake across ivermectin doses. ( A ) Averaged responsivity Z-scores by group, with one-way ANOVA showing a significant group effect (P < 0.0001). Bonferroni’s post-hoc tests indicated differences between non-responders and responders (****P < 0.0001) and mild responders and responders (***P = 0.0003). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ( B ) Correlation between baseline post-vapor ethanol intake Z-scores and responsivity Z-scores (linear regression: R 2 = 0.3334, P = 0.0007). ( C ) Average blood alcohol levels (BALs; mg/dL) during vapor exposure showed no group differences (ANOVA: P = 0.4460). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ( D ) Ethanol intake (g/kg) across doses in non-responders showed no significant treatment effect (ANOVA: P = 0.0774). Data presented as mean ± SEM. ( E ) Ethanol intake in mild responders exhibited a significant treatment effect (ANOVA: P = 0.0091) and post-hoc tests showing reductions at 5 and 10 mg/kg (*P < 0.05). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ( F ) Ethanol intake in responders demonstrated a significant treatment effect (ANOVA: P < 0.0001) and post-hoc tests indicating reductions at all doses (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. In all panels, individual data points are shown as blue dots (males) and pink dots (females).

Article Snippet: Ivermectin (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) was freshly dissolved in a vehicle containing 95% physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) and 5% Tween 80 and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 4 hours before behavioral testing, using a Latin Square design.

Techniques: