d luciferin injection  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Targeting the bile acid receptor TGR5 with Gentiopicroside to activate Nrf2 antioxidant signaling and mitigate Parkinson’s disease in an MPTP mouse model

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.05.039

Figure Lengend Snippet: GPS improved motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in MPTP-induced PD mice. ( A ) Chemical structure of GPS. ( B ) Schematic diagram of the experimental design. ( C ) Total distance traveled during open field test, latency to fall in rotarod test, and turn time and total time in pole test were measured. Data were mean ± SD, n = 8. ( D , E ) Microphotographs and quantification of TH staining in SNpc and STR. ( F ) Representative photomicrographs of TH immunohistochemistry and the quantification of TH + fiber density in STR. ( G ) Western blot analysis of TH and ACTB protein levels in SNpc and STR. ( H – I ) Quantification of TH protein expression using gray value analysis. Data were represented as mean ± SD, n = 4. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: One hour after MPTP injection, 25 or 50 mg/kg GPS (dissolved in saline, HY-N0494, MCE, purity: 99.52 %) was given daily via intraperitoneal injection over a 10-day period.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Targeting the bile acid receptor TGR5 with Gentiopicroside to activate Nrf2 antioxidant signaling and mitigate Parkinson’s disease in an MPTP mouse model

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.05.039

Figure Lengend Snippet: GPS suppressed MPP + -induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. ( A – D ) MDA production and SOD activity among the STR of MPTP-PD mice and MPP + -exposed SH-SY5Y cells were determined as the indicators of oxidative stress. ( E ) Intracellular ROS generation was assessed by DCFH-DA staining. Scale bars: 100 μm. ( F ) Mitochondrial ROS was measured using MitoSOX staining. Scale bars: 20 μm. ( G ) Mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed with JC-1 probe. Scale bars: 20 μm. ( H – J ) Relative fluorescence analyses of DCFH-DA, MitoSOX and JC-1 (Red/Green ratio). Data were represented as mean ± SD, n = 3. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001, ns: not significant. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: One hour after MPTP injection, 25 or 50 mg/kg GPS (dissolved in saline, HY-N0494, MCE, purity: 99.52 %) was given daily via intraperitoneal injection over a 10-day period.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Staining, Membrane, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Targeting the bile acid receptor TGR5 with Gentiopicroside to activate Nrf2 antioxidant signaling and mitigate Parkinson’s disease in an MPTP mouse model

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.05.039

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tgr5 knockout abolished the neuroprotective effect of GPS in MPTP-treated PD mice. ( A ) Latency to fall in rotarod test, ( B ) total distance traveled during open field test, ( C ) turn time and ( D total time in pole test were measured. Data were represented as mean ± SD, n = 6. ( E ) Representative TH staining of STR and SNpc, Scale bars: 1 mm for upper panel and 200 μm for down panel. ( F ) Quantity of TH fluorescence in STR. ( G ) Stereological counts of TH + neurons in SNpc. ( H, I ) Western blot and quantification analysis of TH protein levels in STR and SNpc regions. Data were represented as mean ± SD, n = 3. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001, ns: not significant.

Article Snippet: One hour after MPTP injection, 25 or 50 mg/kg GPS (dissolved in saline, HY-N0494, MCE, purity: 99.52 %) was given daily via intraperitoneal injection over a 10-day period.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Staining, Fluorescence, Western Blot