Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Surface potential as a strong early osteogenic trigger via mechanotransduction and calcium accumulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.26.720950

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colorimetric staining and quantification of ALP activity in hBM-MSCs cultured for seven days on collagen type I-coated (a) and fibronectin-coated (b) substrates. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n=3). Data were analyzed assuming a Gaussian (normal) distribution and equal variances across groups; statistical differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA. Only p-values <0.1 are shown. Scale bar represents 200 µm.

Article Snippet: hBM-MSCs (Cytion, 300665) were seeded at an approximate density of 5.000 cells/cm 2 on the different surfaces in basal medium (DMEM; 11995-065, Gibco), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; 11560636, Gibco), 1% Glutamax (13462629, Gibco) and 1% antibiotics (11548876, Gibco), and after 24 hours the culture medium was replaced with osteogenic medium (Basal medium supplemented with 0,28 mM ascorbic acid (A4544, Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM β-glycerol-2-phosphate (G9422, Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 nM dexamethasone (D4902, Sigma-Aldrich)).

Techniques: Staining, Activity Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Surface potential as a strong early osteogenic trigger via mechanotransduction and calcium accumulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.26.720950

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence images of hBM-MSCs cultured on β-PVDF films coated with either collagen type I (a) or fibronectin (b) and corresponding morphological features. Nuclei are stained in blue, vinculin in green and F-actin in red. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n=3). Only p-values <0.1 are shown. Scale bars represent 200 µm.

Article Snippet: hBM-MSCs (Cytion, 300665) were seeded at an approximate density of 5.000 cells/cm 2 on the different surfaces in basal medium (DMEM; 11995-065, Gibco), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; 11560636, Gibco), 1% Glutamax (13462629, Gibco) and 1% antibiotics (11548876, Gibco), and after 24 hours the culture medium was replaced with osteogenic medium (Basal medium supplemented with 0,28 mM ascorbic acid (A4544, Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM β-glycerol-2-phosphate (G9422, Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 nM dexamethasone (D4902, Sigma-Aldrich)).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Cell Culture, Staining

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Surface potential as a strong early osteogenic trigger via mechanotransduction and calcium accumulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.26.720950

Figure Lengend Snippet: MYPT1 phosphorylation in hBM-MSCs cultured on collagen type I-coated (a) and fibronectin-coated (b) β-PVDF films of varying surface potential. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n=3). Only p-values <0.1 are shown.

Article Snippet: hBM-MSCs (Cytion, 300665) were seeded at an approximate density of 5.000 cells/cm 2 on the different surfaces in basal medium (DMEM; 11995-065, Gibco), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; 11560636, Gibco), 1% Glutamax (13462629, Gibco) and 1% antibiotics (11548876, Gibco), and after 24 hours the culture medium was replaced with osteogenic medium (Basal medium supplemented with 0,28 mM ascorbic acid (A4544, Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM β-glycerol-2-phosphate (G9422, Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 nM dexamethasone (D4902, Sigma-Aldrich)).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Cell Culture

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Surface potential as a strong early osteogenic trigger via mechanotransduction and calcium accumulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.26.720950

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence images of hBM-MSCs cultured on β-PVDF films coated with either collagen type I (a) or fibronectin (b) immunostained against YAP and counterstained with Hoechst 33342, and the corresponding quantifications (right panels). Scale bars represent 200 µm. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n=3). Only p-values <0.1 are shown.

Article Snippet: hBM-MSCs (Cytion, 300665) were seeded at an approximate density of 5.000 cells/cm 2 on the different surfaces in basal medium (DMEM; 11995-065, Gibco), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; 11560636, Gibco), 1% Glutamax (13462629, Gibco) and 1% antibiotics (11548876, Gibco), and after 24 hours the culture medium was replaced with osteogenic medium (Basal medium supplemented with 0,28 mM ascorbic acid (A4544, Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM β-glycerol-2-phosphate (G9422, Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 nM dexamethasone (D4902, Sigma-Aldrich)).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Cell Culture

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Surface potential as a strong early osteogenic trigger via mechanotransduction and calcium accumulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.26.720950

Figure Lengend Snippet: Volcano plots with the −log 10 (p-value) plotted against their respective log 2 (fold change) of genes differentially expressed in hBM-MSCs, Venn diagrams and histogram plots showing genes that are down- or upregulated (p<0.05) in hBM-MSCs cultured on the indicated surfaces for 24 hours (a) or four days (b). Circle area in a and b is proportional to the number of genes. GSEA of the cells cultured on the different surfaces for 24 hours (c) and 4 days (d).

Article Snippet: hBM-MSCs (Cytion, 300665) were seeded at an approximate density of 5.000 cells/cm 2 on the different surfaces in basal medium (DMEM; 11995-065, Gibco), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; 11560636, Gibco), 1% Glutamax (13462629, Gibco) and 1% antibiotics (11548876, Gibco), and after 24 hours the culture medium was replaced with osteogenic medium (Basal medium supplemented with 0,28 mM ascorbic acid (A4544, Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM β-glycerol-2-phosphate (G9422, Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 nM dexamethasone (D4902, Sigma-Aldrich)).

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Surface potential as a strong early osteogenic trigger via mechanotransduction and calcium accumulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.26.720950

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Immunostaining of hBM-MSCs cultured on the different β-PVDF surfaces with glutaraldehyde-crosslinked collagen type I coating and corresponding morphologic analysis (b). MYTP1 phosphorylation (c) and YAP translocation (d and e) in hBM-MSCs cultured on the substrates. Only p-values <0.1 are shown. Scale bars represent 200 µm. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n=3).

Article Snippet: hBM-MSCs (Cytion, 300665) were seeded at an approximate density of 5.000 cells/cm 2 on the different surfaces in basal medium (DMEM; 11995-065, Gibco), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; 11560636, Gibco), 1% Glutamax (13462629, Gibco) and 1% antibiotics (11548876, Gibco), and after 24 hours the culture medium was replaced with osteogenic medium (Basal medium supplemented with 0,28 mM ascorbic acid (A4544, Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM β-glycerol-2-phosphate (G9422, Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 nM dexamethasone (D4902, Sigma-Aldrich)).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Cell Culture, Phospho-proteomics, Translocation Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Surface potential as a strong early osteogenic trigger via mechanotransduction and calcium accumulation

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.26.720950

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunofluorescent images (a) and corresponding morphologic analysis (b) of hBM-MSCs treated with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 for 24 hours. YAP immunolocalization (c) and translocation (d) in treated cells. Only p-values <0.1 are shown. Scale bars represent 300 µm. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n=4).

Article Snippet: hBM-MSCs (Cytion, 300665) were seeded at an approximate density of 5.000 cells/cm 2 on the different surfaces in basal medium (DMEM; 11995-065, Gibco), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; 11560636, Gibco), 1% Glutamax (13462629, Gibco) and 1% antibiotics (11548876, Gibco), and after 24 hours the culture medium was replaced with osteogenic medium (Basal medium supplemented with 0,28 mM ascorbic acid (A4544, Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM β-glycerol-2-phosphate (G9422, Sigma-Aldrich), and 10 nM dexamethasone (D4902, Sigma-Aldrich)).

Techniques: Translocation Assay

Journal: Journal of Tissue Engineering

Article Title: Blood vessels bioengineered from induced pluripotent stem cell derived mesenchymal stem cells and porous silk fibroin coated functional scaffolds

doi: 10.1177/20417314251355723

Figure Lengend Snippet: hiPSC differentiate into cells with an MSC phenotype exhibiting common MSC markers. A schematic of the MSC differentiation protocol is shown (a) (Created with BioRender.com ). Fold gene expression increases in MSC marker-genes THY1 (CD90), NT5E (CD73) and ENG (CD105) was observed throughout differentiation of hiPSC-iMSCs (b). Histograms for common MSC positive markers are displayed (c) and increase of the percentage of cells positive for CD90, CD73 and CD105 after 36 days could also be noticed via flow cytometry (C-i to C-iii) after 36 days when iMSCs were derived. Homogenous iMSC populations comparable to hBM-MSCs positive for phenotypical MSCs markers CD44 and CD73 (green) as well as CD105 and CD90 (red) could be observed by day 34 of differentiation via Immunofluorescence staining (d). Scale bars shown at 100 μm. Data significance is presented as *** p ⩽ 0.001 and **** p ⩽ 0.0001 ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) (C-12974) harvested from normal human bone marrow from individual donors were cultured with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Medium 2 (C-28009) purchased from PromoCell (Germany).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Marker, Flow Cytometry, Derivative Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Journal of Tissue Engineering

Article Title: Blood vessels bioengineered from induced pluripotent stem cell derived mesenchymal stem cells and porous silk fibroin coated functional scaffolds

doi: 10.1177/20417314251355723

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterisation of iMSC and hBM-MSCs via alizarin red staining. Both iMSCs (a-i) and hBM-MSCs (j-l) underwent osteogenic differentiation with noticeable mineralisation nodules being produced by the end of differentiation (day 28) as displayed by alizarin red staining. Images were collected on an Olympus IX83 inverted microscope and captured through MMI CellTools software at 10× magnification. Scale bars shown at 200 μm.

Article Snippet: Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) (C-12974) harvested from normal human bone marrow from individual donors were cultured with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Medium 2 (C-28009) purchased from PromoCell (Germany).

Techniques: Staining, Produced, Inverted Microscopy, Software

Journal: Journal of Tissue Engineering

Article Title: Blood vessels bioengineered from induced pluripotent stem cell derived mesenchymal stem cells and porous silk fibroin coated functional scaffolds

doi: 10.1177/20417314251355723

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proliferation and metabolic activity of hBM-MSC and iMSCs. A diagram of the modifications made to the pristine (1) scaffolds by immersing in acetone ⩾ 99.8% acetone to produce porous (2) fibres and further covered with a 1% w/v silk fibroin solution to coat scaffolds (3) (a) (Created with BioRender.com ). The modifications to the scaffolds were assessed to evaluate their biocompatibility compared to the control pristine elcetrospun scaffolds. The three different types of scaffolds were visualised under SEM imaging. Pristine scaffolds produced by electrospinning without any post-electrospinning modification (b). Cells count differences in iMSCs and hBM-MSCs seeded on pristine, porous and silk fibroin coated scaffolds after and reduction of AlamarBlue™ differences in iMSCs and hBM-MSCs seeded on pristine, porous and silk fibroin coated scaffolds after 10 days of culture (c) Density and morphological differences between the scaffold conditions were also observed via immunofluorescence staining with Phalloidin-iFluor 488 (a). Scale bars shown at 100 μm (d). Data significance is presented as * p < 0.05, ** p ⩽ 0.01, *** p ⩽ 0.001 ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) (C-12974) harvested from normal human bone marrow from individual donors were cultured with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Medium 2 (C-28009) purchased from PromoCell (Germany).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Imaging, Produced, Modification, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Journal of Tissue Engineering

Article Title: Blood vessels bioengineered from induced pluripotent stem cell derived mesenchymal stem cells and porous silk fibroin coated functional scaffolds

doi: 10.1177/20417314251355723

Figure Lengend Snippet: Vessel-like constructs derived from hBM-MSCs and iMSCs. Diagram of the fabrication process of tissue engineered blood vessels (a) (Created with BioRender.com ). The tube construct post-production can be seen next to the steel rod used to fabricate next and next to a penny for scale comparison (bi). Length dimensions (bii), wall thickness and inner diameter dimensions (biii) are also displayed. Immunofluorescence images of longitudinal cross-sections of tube constructs (b). Vessel mimics fabricated using both hBM-MSC-VSMCs and iMSC-VSMCs can be observed to be densely-populated with cells positive for α-SMA (green) and CNN1 (red). DAPI was counterstained to show nuclei. Scale bars shown at 100 μm. The representation of the scale is displayed in (c) Mechanical property differences in UTS (d), burst strength (e), young’s modulus (f) and strain (g) were also measured. Data significance is presented as * p < 0.05 ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) (C-12974) harvested from normal human bone marrow from individual donors were cultured with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Medium 2 (C-28009) purchased from PromoCell (Germany).

Techniques: Construct, Derivative Assay, Comparison, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Article Title: Fabrication of 3D Biofunctional Magnetic Scaffolds by Combining Fused Deposition Modelling and Inkjet Printing of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

doi: 10.1007/s13770-025-00711-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Proliferation at 4, 7, 10 and 14 days, B viability at 14 days and C intracellular ROS content at 14 days of hBM-MSCs cultured on SC, DMSA 25L, RGD 25L, DMSA 50L and RGD 50L. Asterisks indicate significant differences with respect to 4d (* p -value < 0.05). Hashtags indicate significant differences with respect to 7d (# p -value < 0.05). Ampersands indicate significant differences with respect to 10d (& p -value < 0.05 && p -value < 0.01). At symbols indicate significant differences with respect to SC (@ p -value < 0.05). D – M Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of hBM-MSCs cultured on the different scaffolds at 7 and 14 days. In red can be seen the actin filaments of the cytoskeleton labelled with phalloidin and in blue the nuclei labelled with DAPI

Article Snippet: Cells, culture media and biological reagents for in vitro cell assays were as follows: human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) (donor 38,157), mesenchymal stem cell basal medium (MSCBM), mesenchymal cell growth supplement (MCGS), L -glutamine, gentamicin sulphate-amphotericin (GA-1000), hMSC osteogenic differentiation medium, trypsin/EDTA 0.25% and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Lonza and Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Article Title: Fabrication of 3D Biofunctional Magnetic Scaffolds by Combining Fused Deposition Modelling and Inkjet Printing of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

doi: 10.1007/s13770-025-00711-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of ALP gene expression in hBM-MSCs cultured on the surface of SC, DMSA 25L and RGD 25L scaffolds by applying (+ MF) and not applying (− MF) an external magnetic field of 1 Hz frequency for 1 h per day. A Expression was measured at 7 days and B 14 days. Results were statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test

Article Snippet: Cells, culture media and biological reagents for in vitro cell assays were as follows: human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) (donor 38,157), mesenchymal stem cell basal medium (MSCBM), mesenchymal cell growth supplement (MCGS), L -glutamine, gentamicin sulphate-amphotericin (GA-1000), hMSC osteogenic differentiation medium, trypsin/EDTA 0.25% and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Lonza and Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Cell Culture, Expressing

Journal: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Article Title: Fabrication of 3D Biofunctional Magnetic Scaffolds by Combining Fused Deposition Modelling and Inkjet Printing of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

doi: 10.1007/s13770-025-00711-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of ALP activity in hBM-MSCs cultured on the surface of SC, DMSA 25L and RGD 25L scaffolds by applying (+ MF) and not applying (− MF) an external magnetic field of 1 Hz frequency for 1 h per day. A Expression was measured at 7 days and B 14 days. Results were statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test

Article Snippet: Cells, culture media and biological reagents for in vitro cell assays were as follows: human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) (donor 38,157), mesenchymal stem cell basal medium (MSCBM), mesenchymal cell growth supplement (MCGS), L -glutamine, gentamicin sulphate-amphotericin (GA-1000), hMSC osteogenic differentiation medium, trypsin/EDTA 0.25% and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Lonza and Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Expressing

Journal: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Article Title: Fabrication of 3D Biofunctional Magnetic Scaffolds by Combining Fused Deposition Modelling and Inkjet Printing of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

doi: 10.1007/s13770-025-00711-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of the mineralisation process in hBM-MSCs cultured on the surface of SC, DMSA 25L and RGD 25L scaffolds by applying (+ MF) and not applying (− MF) an external magnetic field of 1 Hz frequency for 1 h per day. A Expression was measured at 7 days and B 14 days. Calcium deposits stained with alizarin red were quantified by measuring absorbance at 620 nm. Results were statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test

Article Snippet: Cells, culture media and biological reagents for in vitro cell assays were as follows: human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) (donor 38,157), mesenchymal stem cell basal medium (MSCBM), mesenchymal cell growth supplement (MCGS), L -glutamine, gentamicin sulphate-amphotericin (GA-1000), hMSC osteogenic differentiation medium, trypsin/EDTA 0.25% and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Lonza and Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Article Title: Fabrication of 3D Biofunctional Magnetic Scaffolds by Combining Fused Deposition Modelling and Inkjet Printing of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

doi: 10.1007/s13770-025-00711-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of the amount of OC secreted by hBM-MSCs cultured on the surface of SC, DMSA 25L and RGD 25L scaffolds by applying (+ MF) and not applying (− MF) an external magnetic field of 1 Hz frequency for 1 h per day. A Amount of OC measured at 7 days and B at 14 days. Results were statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test

Article Snippet: Cells, culture media and biological reagents for in vitro cell assays were as follows: human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) (donor 38,157), mesenchymal stem cell basal medium (MSCBM), mesenchymal cell growth supplement (MCGS), L -glutamine, gentamicin sulphate-amphotericin (GA-1000), hMSC osteogenic differentiation medium, trypsin/EDTA 0.25% and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Lonza and Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA.

Techniques: Cell Culture