Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: 3D-MSCs apoptotic bodies-integrated conductive hydrogel mitigates spinal cord injury via immunoregulation and alleviating neuronal pyroptosis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Composite hydrogel promotes the polarization of BV2 cells to M2 types and alleviates PC12 cell pyroptosis in vitro inflammatory environment. (A) Representative western blots showing protein expression of iNOS and Arg-1 in each group, β-actin was utilized as a loading control. (B) Quantitative analysis of relative expression of iNOS and Arg-1. (C) Representative immunofluorescence images of CD68 positive and iNOS positive BV2 cells (scale bar: 20 μm). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of CD68 positive and Arg-1 positive BV2 cells (scale bar: 20 μm). (E, F) Quantitative analysis of relative fluorescence intensity of iNOS and Arg-1. (G) Representative western blots showing the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC, GSDMD-N, and IL-18 protein associated with pyroptosis, β-actin was utilized as a loading control. (H) PI staining of PC12 cells in each group (scale bar, 100 μm). (I) Quantitative analysis of PI staining of PC12 cells (n = 3). (J) Quantitative analysis of relative expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC, GSDMD-N and IL-18 (n = 3). The data are presented as the means ± SEMs (n = 3); ∗p < 0.05, indicates significant differences; ns, is not significant. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against GSDMD-N (cat. no. DF12275), CD44 (cat. no. BF9213), and Integrin beta1 (cat. no. AF5379) were obtained from Affinity Biosciences in Ohio, USA.

Techniques: In Vitro, Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Staining, Comparison

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: 3D-MSCs apoptotic bodies-integrated conductive hydrogel mitigates spinal cord injury via immunoregulation and alleviating neuronal pyroptosis

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.043

Figure Lengend Snippet: The composite hydrogel inhibits post-SCI pyroptosis in neurons. (A) Immunofluorescence images of residual neurons existing in the anterior horn of the spinal cord (scale bar, 500 μm and 200 μm). (B) Immunofluorescence image of Caspase-1 expression of neurons 3 days after SCI (scale bar, 20 μm). (C) Quantitative analysis of relative fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 protein expression in neurons within the specified groups (n = 3). (D) Immunofluorescence image of GSDMD-N expression of neurons 3 days after SCI (scale bar, 20 μm). (E) Quantitative analysis of relative fluorescence intensity of GSDMD-N protein expression in neurons within the specified groups (n = 3). (F) Representative western blots showing the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC, GSDMD-N, and IL-18 protein 3 days after SCI, GAPDH was utilized as a loading control. (G) Quantitative analysis of relative expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, ASC, GSDMD-N and IL-18 (n = 3). The data are presented as the means ± SEMs (n = 3); ∗p < 0.05, indicates significant differences; ns, is not significant. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against GSDMD-N (cat. no. DF12275), CD44 (cat. no. BF9213), and Integrin beta1 (cat. no. AF5379) were obtained from Affinity Biosciences in Ohio, USA.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Fluorescence, Western Blot, Control, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Distributed Clonal Deletion Prevents Autoimmune Disease Progression

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724341

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mice aged 9-13 weeks were analyzed by flow cytometry. ( A ) Genotypes and color coding. ( B, C ) Total numbers of the indicated B cell subsets in ( B ) bone marrow and ( C ) spleen. Data are combined from six independent experiments (Controls, n=16; Bcl2 Early , n=11 for bone marrow and n=13 for spleen; Bcl2 Late , n=12). ( D-F ) To assess bone marrow egress, mice aged 14-20 weeks were injected intravenously with anti-CD45R/B220-PE-Cy7 prior to analysis by flow cytometry. ( D ) Experimental scheme. ( E, F ) Quantification of ( E ) the percentage of B220-labeled cells within the indicated B cell subsets and (F) the total number of B220-labeled B cell subsets, indicating cells exposed to the bone marrow sinusoids. Data are combined from three independent experiments (Controls, n=6; Bcl2 Early , n=6). ( G-I ) To test the contribution of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, mice aged 7-17 weeks were analyzed by flow cytometry. ( G ) Genotypes and color coding. ( H, I ) Total numbers of the indicated B cell subsets in ( H ) bone marrow and ( I ) spleen of Gsdmd -/- Gsdme -/- Mlkl -/- mice and controls. Data are combined from five independent experiments (Controls, n=10; Gsdmd -/- Gsdme -/- Mlkl -/- , n=11). **** p<0.0001, *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p <0.05, NS=not statistically significant (two-tailed Mann-Whitney test for panels B, C, H and I; two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test for panels E and F). Horizontal bars represent mean values. Abbreviations: swMem, class-switched memory B cells; PC, plasma cells; T1, transitional 1 B cells; T2, transitional 2 B cells; Anergic/T3, anergic B cells; FO, mature follicular B cells; MZ, marginal zone B cells; GC, germinal center B cells.

Article Snippet: Aicda Cre , C57Bl/6J, Gsdmd -/- , Gsdme -/- ( ) and Mb1 Cre ( ) mice were from Jackson Laboratories.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Injection, Labeling, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY, Clinical Proteomics