Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance

Article Title: The Drug-Specific Propensity Regarding the Acquisition of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli : An in vitro Challenge and DNA Mutation Analysis

doi: 10.2147/IDR.S428383

Figure Lengend Snippet: The MIC changes of Escherichia coli isolates and their resistance mechanisms in the exposure to sitafloxacin, garenoxacin, or lascufloxacin The plotted data shows sitafloxacin, garenoxacin, and lascufloxacin MIC measurement in wildtype and fluoroquinolone-exposed strains. Different icons are used to indicate the corresponding resistance mechanisms.

Article Snippet: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin (CPFX; LKT Laboratories Inc., MN), levofloxacin (LVFX; LKT Laboratories Inc.), sitafloxacin (STFX; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Japan), garenoxacin (GRNX; Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan) and lascufloxacin (LSFX; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan), was determined by a broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Sitafloxacin reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) converting enzyme (TACE) phosphorylation and activity to inhibit TNFα release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03511-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sitafloxacin significantly reduced TNFα production. THP-1 cells (2 × 10 5 /mL) were stimulated by LPS (0.1 µg/mL) with several different quinolone antibiotics (50 µg/mL) for 4 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD of 6 independent experiments. *p < 0.05 vs. LPS alone. **p < 0.01 vs. LPS alone. ***p < 0.01 vs. MFLX, LVFX, GRNX, or CPFX. LPS lipopolysaccharide, MFLX moxifloxacin, LVFX levofloxacin, GRNX garenoxacin, CPFX ciprofloxacin, STFX sitafloxacin.

Article Snippet: MFLX, GRNX and CPFX were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Effectiveness of antibacterial agents against cell-invading bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae

doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02217-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibacterial agents against bacteria and emm genotype in S. pyogenes

Article Snippet: The following antibacterial agents were used in the study: analytical grade powders of GRNX (FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), CAM (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), amoxicillin (AMPC) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI) (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), and LVFX (Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Effectiveness of antibacterial agents against cell-invading bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae

doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02217-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of antibacterial agents on nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Cells invaded by bacteria and then treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as the study control. A significant bactericidal effect on each NTHi strains was observed when 1 MIC of GRNX, CAM, or LVFX was used ( a ) ( p < 0.05). However, no bactericidal effect was observed from treatment with AMPC or CDTR-PI ( a ). Similarly, treatment with 2 MIC of GRNX, CAM, or LVFX also had a significant bactericidal effect ( p < 0.05), but when treated with AMPC or CDTR-PI, no bactericidal effect was observed ( b ). MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; NTHi, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae ; GRNX, garenoxacin; LVFX, levofloxacin; CAM, clarithromycin; AMPC, amoxicillin; CDTR-PI, cefditoren pivoxil; CFU, colony-forming units. * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: The following antibacterial agents were used in the study: analytical grade powders of GRNX (FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), CAM (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), amoxicillin (AMPC) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI) (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), and LVFX (Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Bacteria, Saline, Control, Concentration Assay

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Effectiveness of antibacterial agents against cell-invading bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae

doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02217-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of antibacterial agents on Streptococcus pyogenes. Cells invaded by bacteria and then treated with PBS served as the study control. When 1 MIC of GRNX, CAM, or LVFX was used, each S. pyogenes strain demonstrated a significant bactericidal effect ( a ) ( p < 0.05). However, treatment with AMPC or CDTR-PI showed no bactericidal effect ( a ). Treatment with 2 MIC of GRNX, CAM, or LVFX also yielded a significant bactericidal effect ( p < 0.05), but treatment with AMPC or CDTR-PI exhibited no bactericidal effect ( b ). MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; S. pyogenes , Streptococcus pyogenes ; GRNX, garenoxacin; LVFX, levofloxacin; CAM, clarithromycin; AMPC, amoxicillin; CDTR-PI, cefditoren pivoxil; CFU, colony-forming units. * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: The following antibacterial agents were used in the study: analytical grade powders of GRNX (FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), CAM (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), amoxicillin (AMPC) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI) (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), and LVFX (Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Bacteria, Control, Concentration Assay