Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: A2AR as a key target for immune microenvironment remodeling in prostate cancer

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102720

Figure Lengend Snippet: A2AR-mediated immunosuppressive secretome in prostate cancer cells. (A) ELISA analysis of eight immunosuppressive factors (sCD73 enzymatic activity, adenosine concentration, ARG1, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6, PD-L1 and Galectin-9) in conditioned media from prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, 22Rv1, ARcaP) versus normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). Representative data from three independent experiments are shown. ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001 by unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: A2AR overexpression significantly reversed the downregulation of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 mRNA expression induced by the A2AR antagonist AZD4635 and the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: A2AR as a key target for immune microenvironment remodeling in prostate cancer

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102720

Figure Lengend Snippet: A2AR regulates the expression of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 through the cAMP-PKA and NF-κB signaling pathways. (A) The mRNA expression levels of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 in PC-3 cells under different treatment conditions were detected by qRT-PCR.

Article Snippet: A2AR overexpression significantly reversed the downregulation of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 mRNA expression induced by the A2AR antagonist AZD4635 and the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab.

Techniques: Expressing, Protein-Protein interactions, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: A2AR as a key target for immune microenvironment remodeling in prostate cancer

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102720

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prostate bone metastasis cells are more sensitive to A2AR inhibition than visceral metastasis. (A-B) PC-3 prostate cells were treated with AZD4635 (100 nM) and Nivolumab (10 µ g/mL) separately or in combination for 48 hours, and then the mRNA expression levels of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 were detected by qRT-PCR technology. (C)To assess potential toxicity on normal prostate epithelial cells, RWPE-1 cells were treated under four different conditions: an untreated control group, treatment with the A2AR antagonist AZD4635 (100 nM) alone, treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab (10 μg/mL) alone, or a combination of AZD4635 and Nivolumab. After 48 hours of incubation, cell viability was determined using the MTT assay.

Article Snippet: A2AR overexpression significantly reversed the downregulation of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 mRNA expression induced by the A2AR antagonist AZD4635 and the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab.

Techniques: Inhibition, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Incubation, MTT Assay