Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Targeting VEGFR2 inhibition within a spatially-confined conduit promotes nerve self-resolution and alleviates mechanical allodynia

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prevention of neuroma formation by a spatially confined conduit filled with GelMA MAVP MPS. ( A ) Illustration of 3D-printed GelMA MPs loaded with MAVP and the proposed mechanism of action within the neural conduit. ( B ) Representative images and ( C ) quantitative scores of autotomy behavior over 12 weeks (n = 6). ( D ) Representative gait footprints at 12 weeks post-surgery. ( E ) Quantification of left hindlimb stance duration (n = 6) and ( F ) maximum contact area (n = 6). ( G ) IF staining of p-VEGFR2 activation and ( H ) IF staining of neovascularization marker RECA-1. (I) Quantification of p-VEGFR2-positive area percentage (n = 6). and ( J ) quantification of RECA-1-positive area percentage (n = 6). ( K ) Regenerated nerve length measurements (n = 6). Mean values are shown and error bars represent ± s.d., as analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer test in ( C , E , F , I , J and K ). Biological replicates were used for all experiments. ns, p > 0.05, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used for the subsequent steps: anti-Yap (mouse, 1:200, Santa sc-376830); anti-p-VEGFR2 (rabbit, 1:100 Invitrogen, PA5-105765); α-SMA (rabbit, 1:200, Proteintech 14395-1-AP); Reca-1 (mouse, 1:200, Santa sc-52665); anti-CD31 (mouse, 1:200, Santa sc-13537); anti-Ki67 (rabbit, 1:150, Cell Signaling 9129S); anti-NF-200 (mouse, 1:200, Sigma, SAB4200747); anti-MBP (rabbit, 1:200, Abcam ab218011); anti-F4/80 (mouse, 1:200, Santa sc-377009); Iba-1 (rabbit, 1:150, Abcam ab178846); anti-CGRP (rabbit, 1:400, Abcam ab283568); anti-TRPA1 (mouse, 1:200, Santa sc-376495); anti-CD86 (rabbit, 1:200, Proteintech 30691-1-AP); CD206 (rabbit, 1:200, Proteintech 18704-1-AP).

Techniques: Staining, Activation Assay, Marker