Journal: Precision Clinical Medicine

Article Title: Agrimol B inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by induction of lethal mitophagy through decreasing mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3

doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbag009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Agrimol B sensitizes PDAC cells to first-line chemotherapy drugs. (A) Schematic overview of PDAC PDO establishment and drug assessment. (B, C) Brightfield images of organoids treated with the indicated concentrations of Agrimol B. Scale bars, 10 μm. (D) Chemical structures of nab-paclitaxel (Paclitaxel), irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and gemcitabine. (E–H) Brightfield images of organoids treated with or without Agrimol B in the presence or absence of nab-paclitaxel, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or gemcitabine. Scale bars, 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (HY-W031727), wortmannin (WORT) (HY-10197), Mdivi-1 (HY-15886), N-acetylcysteine (HY-B0215), Nab-Paclitaxel (HY-P99974), irinotecan (HY-16562), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (HY-107856), and oxaliplatin (HY-17371) were purchased from MedChem Express.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Direct comparison of efficacy of combining ivermectin versus five first-line chemotherapy drugs with recombinant methioninase against colon-cancer cells

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1807785

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dose–response curves and IC 50 values of recombinant methioninase (rMETase), ivermectin, and five first-line chemotherapeutic agents on HCT116 colon-cancer cells. Cells were treated for 72 h with increasing concentrations of (A) rMETase; (B) ivermectin; (C) doxorubicin; (D) 5-fluorouracil; (E) cisplatinum; (F) gemcitabine; or (G) paclitaxel. Please see Materials and methods for details. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Cisplatinum was obtained from WG Critical Care LLC (Paramus, NJ, USA); 5-fluorouracil was obtained from Sandoz Inc. (Princeton, NJ, USA); gemcitabine was obtained from BluePoint Laboratories (Little Island, Cork, Ireland).

Techniques: Recombinant

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Direct comparison of efficacy of combining ivermectin versus five first-line chemotherapy drugs with recombinant methioninase against colon-cancer cells

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1807785

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the chemosensitivity index of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) in combination with ivermectin versus five first-line chemotherapeutic agents combined with rMETase, on HCT116 colon cancer cells. The chemosensitivity index was defined as the ratio of cell viability after treatment with each drug alone at its IC 50 concentration to that after combination treatment with the same drug combined with rMETase at their IC 50 concentration. Please see Materials and methods for details. Bars represent mean ± SD of chemosensitivity index values from six independent experiments. Ivermectin or doxorubicin combined with rMETase showed significantly higher chemosensitivity index values than 5-fluorouracil, cisplatinum, gemcitabine or paclitaxel combined with rMETase (*p<0.05, ns, non-specific).

Article Snippet: Cisplatinum was obtained from WG Critical Care LLC (Paramus, NJ, USA); 5-fluorouracil was obtained from Sandoz Inc. (Princeton, NJ, USA); gemcitabine was obtained from BluePoint Laboratories (Little Island, Cork, Ireland).

Techniques: Comparison, Recombinant, Concentration Assay

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Potential Efficacy of Luteolin in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Combined In Vitro and In Vivo Study

doi: 10.3390/biom16050737

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Luteolin/5-Fu on apoptosis-related genes in A431 cells. ( a ) Bcl-2 ; ( b ) BAX ; ( c ) EGFR ; ( d ) PI3K ; ( e ) AKT mRNA levels. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. control group.

Article Snippet: The chemicals and materials used in this experiment are as follows: 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) (99.9%, CAS: 51-21-8, C13964619, Macklin, Shanghai, China); Luteolin (≥98%, RP210105, Madsen, Chengdu, China); 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (98%, A807576, Alphabio, Tianjin, China); Croton oil (≥95%, C865142, Macklin, Shanghai, China); high-glucose DMEM (2383696, Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA); fetal bovine serum (220315JF, Alphabio, Tianjin, China); DMSO (>99.9%, 20220301, Tianjin Hengxing, Tianjin, China); 4% paraformaldehyde tissue fixative (23039118, Beijing Lanjieke, Beijing, China); CCK-8 kit (101824133EF5E, Apexbio, Houston, TX, USA); Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit (2306001, Solarbio, Beijing, China); RIPA lysis buffer (IN-WB001, Invent Biotechnologies, Eden Prairie, MN, USA); Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (051823230704, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); BCA protein assay kit (BL521A, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); DAB chromogenic kit (FL-6001, Changdao Biotech, Shanghai, China); Trizol reagent (1B14KA7304; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China); HiFiScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (26323, CWBio, Taizhou, China); anti-PI3K (1:1000, bs-2067R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-PI3K (1:1000, bs-5570R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-AKT (1:1000, bsm-33278M, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-AKT (1:1000, bs-2720R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-EGFR (1:1000, bsm-33050M, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-EGFR (1:1000, bsm-52149R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-BAX (1:1000, #2772, CST, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Bcl-2 (1:1000, RO62O1556, Shenyang Wanyu, Shenyang, China); anti-β-actin (1:2000, AF2811, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:8000, 234750818, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China); HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:8000, 235680828, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Potential Efficacy of Luteolin in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Combined In Vitro and In Vivo Study

doi: 10.3390/biom16050737

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of luteolin/5-Fu on apoptosis-related proteins of A431 cell. ( a ) Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression (luteolin/5-Fu treatment); ( b ) Bcl-2/β-actin ratio; ( c ) Bax/β-actin ratio; ( d ) EGFR, PI3K, AKT, and phosphorylated protein levels; ( e ) p-EGFR/EGFR ratio; ( f ) p-PI3K/PI3K ratio; ( g ) p-AKT/AKT ratio. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. control group.

Article Snippet: The chemicals and materials used in this experiment are as follows: 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) (99.9%, CAS: 51-21-8, C13964619, Macklin, Shanghai, China); Luteolin (≥98%, RP210105, Madsen, Chengdu, China); 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (98%, A807576, Alphabio, Tianjin, China); Croton oil (≥95%, C865142, Macklin, Shanghai, China); high-glucose DMEM (2383696, Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA); fetal bovine serum (220315JF, Alphabio, Tianjin, China); DMSO (>99.9%, 20220301, Tianjin Hengxing, Tianjin, China); 4% paraformaldehyde tissue fixative (23039118, Beijing Lanjieke, Beijing, China); CCK-8 kit (101824133EF5E, Apexbio, Houston, TX, USA); Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit (2306001, Solarbio, Beijing, China); RIPA lysis buffer (IN-WB001, Invent Biotechnologies, Eden Prairie, MN, USA); Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (051823230704, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); BCA protein assay kit (BL521A, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); DAB chromogenic kit (FL-6001, Changdao Biotech, Shanghai, China); Trizol reagent (1B14KA7304; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China); HiFiScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (26323, CWBio, Taizhou, China); anti-PI3K (1:1000, bs-2067R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-PI3K (1:1000, bs-5570R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-AKT (1:1000, bsm-33278M, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-AKT (1:1000, bs-2720R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-EGFR (1:1000, bsm-33050M, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-EGFR (1:1000, bsm-52149R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-BAX (1:1000, #2772, CST, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Bcl-2 (1:1000, RO62O1556, Shenyang Wanyu, Shenyang, China); anti-β-actin (1:2000, AF2811, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:8000, 234750818, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China); HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:8000, 235680828, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Synthesis of β-CD@5-Fu; (b) preparation process of β-CD@5-Fu/CMCS/CMCNa/SA hydrogel beads; (c) in vitro release mechanism of β-CD@5-Fu/CMCS/CMCNa/SA hydrogel beads.

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of β-CD@5-Fu inclusion complex and drug-loaded hydrogels: (a) UV-Vis spectra of 5-Fu, β-CD, and β-CD@5-Fu; (b) FTIR spectra of 5-Fu, β-CD, and β-CD@5-Fu; (c) XRD patterns of 5-Fu, β-CD, and β-CD@5-Fu; (d) UV-Vis calibration curves of 5-Fu at different concentrations; (e) linear regression of 5-Fu concentration versus absorbance; (f) encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) capacity of β-CD@5-Fu; (g) absorbance comparison of β-CD@5-Fu in water versus PBS; (h and i) EE and DL of hydrogel beads with different drug-carrier ratios (w/w).

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Encapsulation, Comparison

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) curves of 5-Fu (a), β-CD (b), physical mixture of 5-Fu and β-CD (c), β-CD@5-Fu inclusion complex (d), CMCS/CMCNa/SA hydrogel beads (e), and β-CD@5-Fu/CMCS/CMCNa/SA (f).

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) FTIR spectra of raw materials; (b) FTIR spectra of six hydrogel bead formulations; swelling ratio of β-CD@5-Fu/CMCS/CMCNa/SA hydrogel dried beads (c) and swollen beads (d) in purified water and under different pH conditions (pH 1.2; pH 6.8 with and without phosphate; pH 7.4 with and without phosphate) at 37 °C for 24 h.

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Purification

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrogel beads with different formulations: (a–f) β-CD@5-Fu-loaded hydrogel beads with varying mass ratios of β-CD@5-Fu to CCS: (a and b) 20 : 30, (c and d) 15 : 35, and (e and f) 10 : 40. (g–l) 5-Fu-incorporated hydrogel beads (without β-CD) at corresponding ratios: (g and h) 20 : 30, (i and j) 15 : 35, and (k and l) 10 : 40. (m–p) Control groups: (m and n) pure SA hydrogel beads and (o and p) CMCS/CMC-Na/SA ternary hydrogel beads (without drugs).

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Control

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug release performance: (a) release kinetics; (b) shows the comparison results of the cumulative release rate (CFR) of six different hydrogel beads; (c and d) in vitro release of β-CD@5-Fu and 5-Fu loaded hydrogels at different ratios (the error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicate experiments); (e) structural stability in SGF (0–2 h) and SIF (0–12 h); (f) schematic diagram of the drug release mechanism from hydrogel beads.

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Comparison, In Vitro, Standard Deviation