Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Inhalable engineered probiotic outer membrane vesicles co-expressing multiple mpox antigens induce potent specific systemic and mucosal immune responses

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Design, Preparation, and Characterization of ABM@OMV. ( A ) Schematic illustrating the preparation of ABM@OMV. The pThioHisA plasmid, encoding Trx-A9R and ClyA-B6R-M1R fusion proteins, was transformed into Δ lpxM Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (ΔEcN). OMVs were harvested via ultracentrifugation. ( B ) Bacterial lysates analyzed by SDS-PAGE and stained with Coomassie blue. Lanes: Marker; uninduced ΔEcN; ΔEcN + IPTG; uninduced BMΔEcN; BMΔEcN + IPTG; uninduced ABMΔEcN; ABMΔEcN + IPTG. Black boxes indicate ClyA-B6R-M1R and Trx-A9R fusion proteins. ( C ) Western blot analysis of proteins of interest expressed in ABMΔECN bacteria. Anti-His tag antibody detected Trx-A9R; anti-Flag tag antibody detected ClyA-B6R-M1R. Lane order is the same as in B . ( D ) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) size distribution profiles of Δ lpxM OMVs, BM@OMV, and ABM@OMV. ( E ) Zeta potential measurements of Δ lpxM OMVs, BM@OMV, and ABM@OMV ( n = 3). ( F ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Δ lpxM OMVs, BM@OMV, and ABM@OMV. Scale bar: 100 nm. ( G ) Western blot analysis of proteins of interest expressed in ABM@OMV. Lanes: Δ lpxM OMVs, BM@OMV, ABM@OMV. ( H ) Endotoxin levels in Δ lpxM EcN-derived OMV and wild-type EcN-derived OMV, as measured by Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay ( n = 3). ( I ) Representative western blot showing the stability of proteins of interest in Δ lpxM OMVs, BM@OMV, and ABM@OMV following storage at 4 °C (left) or −80 °C (right) for the indicated time periods for the indicated time periods. ( J, K ) Changes in particle size ( J ) and zeta potential ( K ) of OMVs stored at 4 °C and −80 °C ( n = 3). All data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8 and are presented as mean ± SD. For panel H , statistical significance between two groups was determined by an unpaired two-tailed t -test. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The membrane was blocked with 5% BSA (BSA0020, Biosharp, China), then incubated with anti-His tag antibody (1:10,000, HY-P809476X, Med ChemExpress, USA) and anti-FLAG antibody (1:10,000, HY- P80111 , Med ChemExpress, USA), respectively for A9R and B6R-M1R, followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Transformation Assay, SDS Page, Staining, Marker, Western Blot, Bacteria, FLAG-tag, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Derivative Assay, LAL Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Tumour Virus Research

Article Title: Oncolytic virus hijacks GOT1 and pyrimidinosomes to fuel pyrimidine synthesis for replication in tumor cells

doi: 10.1016/j.tvr.2026.200342

Figure Lengend Snippet: | NDV infection promotes the assembly of pyrimidinosome involving GOT1 and pyrimidine synthases. (A) H1299 cells were co-transfected with GFP-GOT1 and mCherry-UMPS for 24 h, followed by mock infection or NDV infection (MOI = 0.1, 1, 5, 10, or UV-NDV for 12 hpi). Cells were then analyzed using confocal microscopy. (B) H1299 cells were co-transfected with GFP-GOT1 and mCherry-UMPS for 24 h, followed by mock infection or NDV infection (MOI = 1 for 6, 12, and 18 hpi). Cells were then analyzed using confocal microscopy. (C) Immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) of mock-infected and NDV-infected A549 cells (MOI = 1, 12 hpi), stained for endogenous GOT1, UMPS, and DHODH, alongside the mitochondrial marker protein Tom 20. (D-F) H1299 cells were co-transfected with GFP-GOT1 and mCherry-UMPS (D), GFP-DHODH and mCherry-UMPS (E), or GFP-GOT1 and mCherry-DHODH (F) for 24 h, followed by mock infection or NDV infection (MOI = 1, 12 hpi). Cells were then analyzed using confocal microscopy. (G-H) HEK293T cells were mock-infected or infected with NDV (MOI = 1) for 12 h. The cells were lysed and subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) using GOT1 (G) and UMPS (H) antibodies, alongside with anti-IgG antibody as a control, followed by WB with anti-CAD, -UMPS, -DHODH and -GOT1 antibodies. (I-J) H1299 cells were co-transfected with Flag-CAD and HA-GOT1 for 24 h, followed by mock infection or NDV infection (MOI = 1, 12 hpi). The cells were lysed and subjected to IP using anti-Flag (I) or anti-HA (J) magnetic beads, followed by WB with anti-Flag and anti-HA antibodies. (K) H1299 cells were transfected with GFP-GOT1, mCherry-UMPS, or GFP-DHODH for 24 h, followed by NDV infection (MOI = 1, 12 hpi). FRAP analysis was then performed using confocal microscopy.

Article Snippet: Anti-Flag Magnetic Beads (Cat# HY-K0207), anti-HA Magnetic Beads (Cat# HY-K0201), Mycophenolate (Cat# HY-B0421), Leflunomide (Cat# HY-B0083), AG 2037 (Cat# HY-14530), Aminooxyacetic acid hemihydrochloride (Cat# HY-107994) were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE).

Techniques: Infection, Transfection, Confocal Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Marker, Immunoprecipitation, Control, Magnetic Beads