Journal: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

Article Title: Characterization and evaluation of the ability of graphene quantum dots to affect α-synuclein aggregation in synucleinopathy models

doi: 10.1080/14686996.2026.2662693

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viability of NHDF cells exposed to different concentrations of GQDs, as determined by the MTT assay, at 24 h (A), 48 h (B), and 72 h (C). Control cells were assigned 100% viability. The experiments were conducted in quadruplicate, and the data are expressed as median ± interquartile range (IQR). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 by Kruskal – Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test.

Article Snippet: NHDF cells (PromoCell, C-23210, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sigma, Lot: 0001653683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191002), and 2 mM L-glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

Techniques: MTT Assay, Control, Comparison

Journal: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

Article Title: Characterization and evaluation of the ability of graphene quantum dots to affect α-synuclein aggregation in synucleinopathy models

doi: 10.1080/14686996.2026.2662693

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ic 5 0 values of GQDs in NHDF cells at 24 h (A), 48 h (B), and 72 h (C) are shown in panels A, B, and C, respectively. Data were analyzed using log-linear regression in GraphPad prism. Individual data points are shown in green (mean ± sd, where applicable). The blue curves represent the best-fit log-linear regression models. Each panel represents an independent dataset or experimental condition analyzed under the same fitting parameters.

Article Snippet: NHDF cells (PromoCell, C-23210, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sigma, Lot: 0001653683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191002), and 2 mM L-glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

Techniques:

Journal: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

Article Title: Characterization and evaluation of the ability of graphene quantum dots to affect α-synuclein aggregation in synucleinopathy models

doi: 10.1080/14686996.2026.2662693

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profiles of DDR-related proteins in NHDF cells following 24 h exposure to GQDs at 90 µg mL −1 . (A) Antibody array layout showing antigen-specific antibody spots; ‘nbs1’ control spots were used for data normalization, and ‘NEG’ spots served as negative controls for baseline signal measurement. (B) Representative images of the original antibody arrays. (C) heat map illustrating the relative expression levels of DDR-related proteins, with color intensity indicating normalized expression values. Data represent four independent experiments ( n = 4). (D) semi-quantitative analysis of DDR-related proteins expression using antibody microarray in NHDF cells treated with GQDs at 90 µg mL −1 for 24 h. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (sd) ( n = 4) relative to control cells. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test: ns: not significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control. (e) GQDs induced differential DDR pathway modulation. Pathway–gene interaction heatmap visualized the relationship between key signaling pathways (rows) and DDR-related proteins (columns). Color scale denotes expression changes, with red indicating up-regulation, blue indicating down-regulation.

Article Snippet: NHDF cells (PromoCell, C-23210, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sigma, Lot: 0001653683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191002), and 2 mM L-glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

Techniques: Expressing, Ab Array, Control, Microarray, Standard Deviation, Protein-Protein interactions

Journal: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

Article Title: Characterization and evaluation of the ability of graphene quantum dots to affect α-synuclein aggregation in synucleinopathy models

doi: 10.1080/14686996.2026.2662693

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profiles of cytokine-related factors in NHDF cells following 24 h treatment with GQDs at 90 µg mL −1 . A human cytokine antibody array containing 40 cytokines was used, with ‘pos’ positive control spots applied for data normalization. (A) Each antibody was spotted in quadruplicate in a horizontal layout. (B) Representative fluorescence images of the cytokine antibody arrays. (C) Upregulated cytokines and downregulated cytokines were identified in NHDF cells treated with GQDs (90 µg mL −1 , 24 h). The array detected two significantly upregulated cytokines compared to control cells. Eight cytokines were significantly downregulated, intercellular adhesion molecule, C-X-C motif chemokine 9, interleukins/, and metalloproteinase inhibitors. Statistical analysis was receptors performed using unpaired Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control. (D) Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) showing immune pathway modulation following GQD exposure. Horizontal bar plot illustrating KEGG pathway enrichment based on log2 Fold change (GQDs/control). Negative values indicate pathway suppression and positive values indicate pathway activation following GQD exposure. GQDs markedly suppressed inflammatory and adhesion-related pathways while enhancing Th2-associated (IL-5) immune signaling.

Article Snippet: NHDF cells (PromoCell, C-23210, Heidelberg, Germany) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Sigma, D0819) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sigma, Lot: 0001653683), 1 μg mL −1 penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma, Lot: 0000191002), and 2 mM L-glutamine (Sigma, RNBL6712).

Techniques: Expressing, Ab Array, Positive Control, Fluorescence, Control, Activation Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mechanical Skin Stress-Induced Lesion Development via ATP-Amplified Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.710999

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative clinical images and H&E-stained ear sections from EBA mice treated with vehicle (EBA+vehicle) or DNase1 (EBA+DNase1) on day 12. White arrows indicate lesional skin. Dotted lines demarcate major dermal-epidermal separations. Scale bar = 100 µm. (B) Affected surface area defined as ((total affected body surface area)/(total body surface area) × 100) was quantified every 2 days for 12 days. Dot plots indicate all individual scores and lines indicate group means. N = 7 for each group. *P<0.05 (Two-way ANOVA (time and group as two variables)). (C) Histological blister scores defined as ((combined total length of all blistered regions)/(combined total length of all dermal-epidermal junction examined) × 100) were quantified from H&E staining images at day 12. Data shown as dot plots with mean ± standard deviation. N = 7 for each group. *P<0.05 (Mann-Whitney U test). (D) Representative immunohistochemistry of ear sections from EBA+vehicle and EBA+DNase1 mice stained for myeloperoxidase (MPO), citrullinated Histone H3 (CitH), and 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Co-distributed area of MPO and CitH indicates NETosis. Dotted lines indicate the dermal-epidermal junction. Scale bar = 40 µm. Quantification of NETosis area (E: (NETosis area of upper dermis)/(total area of upper dermis) × 100), infiltrating neutrophils (F: (neutrophil number in upper dermis)/(total area of upper dermis)), and NET index (G: (NETosis area of upper dermis)/(neutrophil number in upper dermis)). Data shown as dot plots with mean ± standard deviation. N = 7 for each group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 (Mann-Whitney U test). IL-8 secretion by HaCaT cells (H) or fibroblasts (I) following 12-hour stimulation with 0.02, 0.2, or 0.5 mL of supernatant with or without NET components. IL-8 levels measured by ELISA. Data shown as dot plots with mean ± standard deviation. N = 4 for each group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 (Two-way ANOVA (dose and group as two variables) with multiple comparison test). Large asterisks in the center indicate ANOVA significance, and small asterisks show pairwise comparisons.

Article Snippet: Human adult low calcium temperature keratinocytes (HaCaT) (300493F; Cell Lines Service GmbH., Eppelheim, Germany) and human fibroblast cells (PCS-201-030; American Type Culture Collection., Manassas, Virginia, U.S.) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (041-29775, 044-29765; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation., Osaka, Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (10270-106; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (168-23191; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation.).

Techniques: Staining, Standard Deviation, MANN-WHITNEY, Immunohistochemistry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mechanical Skin Stress-Induced Lesion Development via ATP-Amplified Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.710999

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative immunohistochemistry of human skin sections from healthy control (HC), Behçet disease (BD), Sweet syndrome (SS), pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) for myeloperoxidase (MPO), citrullinated Histone H3 (CitH), and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Dotted lines indicate the dermal-epidermal junction. Scale bar = 40 µm. (B) Quantification of NET index (NETosis area of upper or lower dermis)/(Neutrophil number in upper or lower dermis). The dot plots indicate all individual scores and error bars indicate mean ± standard deviation. N = 3 (HC), 3 (BD), 5 (SS), 5 (PG), and 6 (EBA). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 (Mann-Whitney U test). (C) Proposed model of the mechanical stimulation-ATP-NETs axis in EBA. Mechanical stimulation triggers ATP release from keratinocytes. In combination with C5a, extracellular ATP promotes NETosis. NET components induce IL-8 release from keratinocytes and fibroblasts, resulting in further neutrophil recruitment.

Article Snippet: Human adult low calcium temperature keratinocytes (HaCaT) (300493F; Cell Lines Service GmbH., Eppelheim, Germany) and human fibroblast cells (PCS-201-030; American Type Culture Collection., Manassas, Virginia, U.S.) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (041-29775, 044-29765; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation., Osaka, Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (10270-106; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (168-23191; FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation.).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Control, Standard Deviation, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Cinnamomum migao H.W. Li Ethanol-Water Extract Suppresses IL-6 Production in Cardiac Fibroblasts: Mechanisms Elucidated via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Assays

doi: 10.3390/cimb47100798

Figure Lengend Snippet: Venn diagram of MG-EWE active ingredient targets and proteins related to IL-6 production in cardiac fibroblasts.

Article Snippet: Rat Cardiac Fibroblast Cells (CP-R074) and Rat Cardiac Fibroblast Cell Complete Medium (CM-R074) were purchased from Wuhan Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, Hubei, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Cinnamomum migao H.W. Li Ethanol-Water Extract Suppresses IL-6 Production in Cardiac Fibroblasts: Mechanisms Elucidated via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Assays

doi: 10.3390/cimb47100798

Figure Lengend Snippet: The schematic diagram illustrates the molecular mechanism through which MG suppresses IL-6 production in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs): in the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced CFs transdifferentiation model, MG-EWE and its active components Laurolitsine and Hecogenin can inhibit the abnormal activation of the ADRB2/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. When ISO binds to the ADRB2 receptor on the cell membrane surface of CFs, it initiates a downstream signaling cascade. Activation of this receptor leads to the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules, including JNK1/2/3 and c-Jun, thereby activating the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. The activated JNK1/2/3 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further phosphorylates the transcription factor c-Jun within the nucleus, enhancing its transcriptional activity. This ultimately promotes the transcription of the IL-6 gene and increases its protein expression. Laurolitsine functions by inhibiting the activation of ADRB2 on the CFs cell membrane surface, while Hecogenin inhibits the phosphorylation of JNK, thereby blocking the subsequent phosphorylation of c-Jun. Together, these actions result in the joint inhibition of IL-6 production.

Article Snippet: Rat Cardiac Fibroblast Cells (CP-R074) and Rat Cardiac Fibroblast Cell Complete Medium (CM-R074) were purchased from Wuhan Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, Hubei, China).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Membrane, Phospho-proteomics, Activity Assay, Expressing, Blocking Assay, Inhibition