Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Evolutionary adaptations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to ciprofloxacin and antioxidant co-treatment in synthetic sputum medium

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03149-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mutation analysis of different treatment conditions. ( a ) Whole-genome sequencing was performed for four selected isolates from each treatment condition (sixth passage) and presented in a heatmap. The mutated genes are categorized by function, including antibiotic resistance, signal transduction, motility, metabolism, DNA replication, biofilm formation, hypothetical proteins, and transport. The intensity of the blue gradient represents the number of isolates exhibiting the same mutated genes. Conditions: Control (C), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ciprofloxacin combined with edaravone (CIP + ED), ciprofloxacin combined with N-acetylcysteine (CIP + NAC), ciprofloxacin combined with thiourea (CIP + THU) ( and ) ( b ) Venn diagram showing the overlap of mutations in SCFM2 evolution experiments (isolates) vs. in vivo evolution experiment isolates ( and ). ( c ) Heatmap of mutations for the whole-genome sequenced populations (sixth passage) under different treatment conditions . ( d ) Bar graph of mutation types observed under different conditions (populations and selected isolates). Mutation types are categorized as transversions (blue), transitions (red), deletions (green), and insertions (purple). The WGS analysis output Excel sheet can be found in .

Article Snippet: To assess the ability of AOs to inactivate ROS and slow down the development of CIP resistance, three AOs were tested: edaravone (ED; 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) (Merck, Denmark), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (Sigma, USA), and thiourea (THU) (Sigma, USA).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Sequencing, Transduction, Control, In Vivo