Journal: Journal of Neurophysiology

Article Title:

doi: 10.1152/jn.00033.2020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overall accuracy of the visually evoked potential (VEP) template-matching algorithm. A: distribution of absolute errors in estimating the depth of the recording sites using our method, as obtained by computing the absolute distance between predicted and measured depth for every site on every probe (the dashed line shows the mean of the distribution). B: average accuracy (across the 18 recording sessions) in predicting the laminar location of the recording sites ± SE, as measured for 3 different levels of distinction between the cortical layers, from fine to binary (see key). The dark gray bars report the accuracy achieved by our automated, template-matching method, and the light gray bars display the accuracy attained by visually inspecting the current source-density (CSD) patterns and VEP profiles. The dashed lines show the accuracy that would be obtained by guessing (i.e., the chance levels). C: the overall recall (black) and precision (gray) accuracies yielded by our method in predicting the laminar location of the recording sites are reported as a function of the measured (for the recall) or predicted (for the precision) cortical layer of the sites (see main text for a definition of recall and precision). The white number on a black bar indicates the number of recording sites in the corresponding layer (or group of layers), as measured through histology (this corresponds to the denominator in the formula to compute the recall, i.e., true positives plus false negatives). The white number on a gray bar indicates the number of sites that our method assigned to the corresponding layer (this corresponds to the denominator in the formula to compute the precision, i.e., true positives plus false positives).

Article Snippet: Through the years, a technique known as “current source-density” (CSD) analysis has been widely exploited to fulfill this goal in different animal models, from monkeys ( Hansen et al. 2011 ; Schroeder et al. 1998 , 2001 ; Takeuchi et al. 2011 ) to rodents ( Dadarlat and Stryker 2017 ; Deliano et al. 2020 ; Happel et al. 2010 ; Headley and Weinberger 2015 ; Hoy and Niell 2015 ; Li et al. 2018 ; Niell and Stryker 2008 ; Sieben et al. 2013 ).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Neurophysiology

Article Title:

doi: 10.1152/jn.00033.2020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of current source-density (CSD) patterns and corresponding visually evoked potential (VEP) profiles observed along the linear silicon probes. A: example of a superficial recording session, characterized by the presence of an inversion in the polarity of the VEPs (black curves), for which the peak from positive becomes negative, while moving downward from the base (channel no. 32) toward the tip (channel no. 1) of the probe. As a result of such inversion, the corresponding CSD pattern (color map) features the presence of a current source (yellow region) in the upper channels and a sink (blue region) in the lower ones. The sink is thought to be the signature of a stimulus-evoked barrage of synaptic input impinging on granular-layer neurons. B: example of a deep recording session, where neither the inversion of the VEP polarity nor the presence of a source region in the CSD pattern can be detected. On the other hand, a progressive change in the shape of the VEP deflection (more prolonged in time and with less positive rebound) can be observed moving downward along the probe. This change is reflected in the CSD pattern by a lengthening in time of the stimulus-evoked sink (blue region).

Article Snippet: Through the years, a technique known as “current source-density” (CSD) analysis has been widely exploited to fulfill this goal in different animal models, from monkeys ( Hansen et al. 2011 ; Schroeder et al. 1998 , 2001 ; Takeuchi et al. 2011 ) to rodents ( Dadarlat and Stryker 2017 ; Deliano et al. 2020 ; Happel et al. 2010 ; Headley and Weinberger 2015 ; Hoy and Niell 2015 ; Li et al. 2018 ; Niell and Stryker 2008 ; Sieben et al. 2013 ).

Techniques:

Journal: Brain topography

Article Title: Abnormal Complex Auditory Pattern Analysis in Schizophrenia Reflected in an Absent Missing Stimulus Mismatch Negativity

doi: 10.1007/s10548-016-0514-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scalp topography (averaged mastoids reference), CSD map (reference free), and BESA6 dipole solution for the missing 4th and 6th tone elicited MMN in healthy subjects. All are consistent with a temporal source, inferior and medial to that for the simple stimulus parameter MMN

Article Snippet: Current Source Density (CSD) analysis with spherical splines was used to visualize source-sink topography (order of splines = 4, maximum degree of Legendre polynomials = 10, lambda of 1e-5), implemented in BrainVision Analyzer2.

Techniques: