Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Ex vivo endothelialized cECM-enriched core–shell fibrous vascular graft promotes rapid regenerative remodeling in vivo

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.040

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration depicting the fabrication of the core/shell PCL-cECM (C/S PE) vascular graft and the cell seeding process. A novel bioreactor was constructed to culture rBMSCs under dynamic conditions to promote endothelial differentiation. Subsequently, the pre-endothelialized C/S PE (EC) was implanted into the rat abdominal aorta for biological assessment.

Article Snippet: Cow pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE, CCL-209, ATCC) endothelial cells were used for initial cytocompatibility screening to evaluate endothelial adhesion and material safety using a standardized mature endothelial model.

Techniques: Construct

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Ex vivo endothelialized cECM-enriched core–shell fibrous vascular graft promotes rapid regenerative remodeling in vivo

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.040

Figure Lengend Snippet: in vitro biocompatibility evaluation . (A) MTT assay shows enhanced proliferation on C/S PE at day 7 (n = 5). (B) F-actin (green) and Hoechst (blue) staining reveal improved spreading and confluence compared with PCL and control. (C–D) Quantification of F-actin area (n = 3) and nuclei number (n = 3) confirm higher cytoskeletal organization and cell density. (E) Viability assay demonstrates increased survival on C/S PE at day 5. (F) Live/Dead staining shows predominantly viable cells with fewer dead cells (n = 5). (G) Schematic summary of C/S PE promoting endothelial proliferation, biocompatibility, and reduced cytotoxicity. Scale bars: 200 μm. Statistical significance was calculated by two-way ANOVA with Tukey's test. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. “N.S” means not significant.

Article Snippet: Cow pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE, CCL-209, ATCC) endothelial cells were used for initial cytocompatibility screening to evaluate endothelial adhesion and material safety using a standardized mature endothelial model.

Techniques: In Vitro, MTT Assay, Staining, Control, Viability Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Ex vivo endothelialized cECM-enriched core–shell fibrous vascular graft promotes rapid regenerative remodeling in vivo

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.040

Figure Lengend Snippet: rBMSCs to endothelial differentiation and activation of different pathways . (A) Schematic representation of rBMSCs differentiated into ECs. (B) Immunofluorescent detection of (i) CD31, (ii) ICAM1, (iii) Flk1, and (iv) eNOS (scale bars: 200 μm). Quantitative analysis of circumferential coverage for (C) CD31, (D) ICAM1, (E) Flk1, and (F) eNOS (n = 4 sections). (G) Venn diagram displaying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between rBMSCs and differentiated endothelial-like cells in C/S PE grafts analyzed via RNA sequencing. (H) Scatter plot visualizing the distribution of upregulated and downregulated DEGs. (I) Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicating enrichment of terms linked to endothelial proliferation, angiogenesis, and blood vessel development. (J–M) Heatmaps presenting clustered DEGs associated with cell differentiation (J), endothelial cell proliferation (K), angiogenesis (L), and blood vessel development (M). (N–O) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) highlighting significant gene enrichment in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling pathways. (P) Bubble plot showing pathway enrichment and signaling activation, including VEGF, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, mTOR, HIF-1, Notch, TGF-β, and JAK-STAT pathways. (Q–R) Heatmaps illustrating the activation of Notch (Q) and VEGF (R) signaling pathway genes, supporting robust pathway engagement. (S) Circular plot showing marked upregulation of major endothelial genes (Vegfa, Nos3, Flt1, Kdr) compared to MSC-specific markers.

Article Snippet: Cow pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE, CCL-209, ATCC) endothelial cells were used for initial cytocompatibility screening to evaluate endothelial adhesion and material safety using a standardized mature endothelial model.

Techniques: Activation Assay, RNA Sequencing, Cell Differentiation

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Phosphomimetic Thrombospondin-1 Modulates Integrin β1-FAK Signaling and Vascular Cell Functions

doi: 10.3390/biom16010084

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSP1 S93D inhibits EC migration but not proliferation. ( A ) Representative images from a wound healing scratch assay using control, wild-type TSP1, and phosphomutant TSP1-transfected BPAECs. Scratches were made in a confluent EC monolayer 24 h post-transfection. Images were captured at 0, 8, and 24 h post-scratch. Scale bar = 100 µm. ( B ) Wound closure was evaluated by measuring the open area at each time point, normalized to the 0 h image (**** p < 0.0001). Statistical analysis was completed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 5). ( C ) Representative measurement of an in vitro wound healing assay performed using ECIS. Wounding was applied at 1 h. Each line represents the mean of three replicates ± SD. ( D ) Statistical analysis of EC migration rate was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (**** p < 0.0001). Data are represented as mean ± S.D ( n = 8). ( E ) BPAEC were either untransfected (ctr) or transfected with TSP1 WT -, TSP1 S93A -, or TSP1 S93D -expressing constructs. Cell proliferation was measured by an MTT assay. Absorbance values were normalized to 0 h. No significant differences in proliferation were observed between groups. Data represent SD ( n = 6).

Article Snippet: Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) (culture line CCL 209) were obtained from the American Type Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, MD, USA) and subsequently used at passages 17–20, as described in [ ].

Techniques: Migration, Wound Healing Assay, Control, Transfection, In Vitro, Expressing, Construct, MTT Assay

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Phosphomimetic Thrombospondin-1 Modulates Integrin β1-FAK Signaling and Vascular Cell Functions

doi: 10.3390/biom16010084

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSP1 S93D inhibits FAK signaling and downstream targets during cell migration. ( A ) Control or TSP1-transfected confluent monolayers of BPAECs were scratched 24 h post-transfection. Samples were collected at the indicated time points (0, 4, and 8 h). Overexpression of TSP1 and the levels of signaling protein were analyzed by Western blot. ( B ) Quantitative analysis was performed by densitometry of the Western blot bands. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test ( n = 3–5) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) (culture line CCL 209) were obtained from the American Type Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, MD, USA) and subsequently used at passages 17–20, as described in [ ].

Techniques: Migration, Control, Transfection, Over Expression, Western Blot

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Phosphomimetic Thrombospondin-1 Modulates Integrin β1-FAK Signaling and Vascular Cell Functions

doi: 10.3390/biom16010084

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSP1 S93D shows enhanced binding to ITGB1. ( A ) Bacterially expressed GST and GST-TSP1 1–221 WT, GST-TSP1 1–221 S93A, and GST-TSP1 1–221 S93D recombinant proteins immobilized on glutathione Sepharose beads were incubated with BPAEC lysate for pull-down assays. EC lysates and the eluted proteins were analyzed by Western blot using ITGB1- and TSP1-specific antibodies. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of pull-down samples. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA ( n = 4) (** p < 0.01). ( C ) Control and TSP1-transfected BPAECs were subjected to immunoprecipitation using c-myc antibody to purify recombinant TSP1 proteins. Total cell lysates and immunocomplexes were tested for c-myc and ITGB1 by Western blot. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of IP. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA ( n = 4) (*** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) (culture line CCL 209) were obtained from the American Type Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, MD, USA) and subsequently used at passages 17–20, as described in [ ].

Techniques: Binding Assay, Recombinant, Incubation, Western Blot, Control, Transfection, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Phosphomimetic Thrombospondin-1 Modulates Integrin β1-FAK Signaling and Vascular Cell Functions

doi: 10.3390/biom16010084

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSP1 S93D enhances SMC migration and proliferation and induces morphological changes. ( A ) MOVAS cells were seeded at 10% confluence and treated with conditioned media from non-transfected (ctr) or TSP1-transfected BPAECs. Proliferation was assessed using MTT, with absorbance measured at 540 nm at 24, 48, and 72 h. Data are shown as means ± SEM ( n = 12). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (* p < 0.01). ( B ) Migration of treated MOVAS cells was measured using an ECIS-based wound healing assay. Data presented mean ± S.D. from three chambers per condition. ( C ) Statistical analysis of migration rates was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( n = 5; means ± S.D.; **** p < 0.0001). ( D ) Representative images of control and TSP1-treated MOVAS cells analyzed by HCS. Actin filaments were stained with Texas Red phalloidin (red) and nuclei with DAPI. White arrows indicate filopodia of cells. Scale bars: 50 μm. ( E ) Morphological parameters of MOVAS cells were analyzed using Harmony software on the Opera Phenix HCS system. Data are presented as mean ± SD (1000–1600 cells per well, n = 4). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (**** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) (culture line CCL 209) were obtained from the American Type Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, MD, USA) and subsequently used at passages 17–20, as described in [ ].

Techniques: Migration, Transfection, Wound Healing Assay, Control, Staining, Software