Journal: Journal of Sport and Health Science

Article Title: Influence of diet-induced obesity and voluntary exercise training on cardiac lipids and mitochondrial function in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101095

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of high fat feeding and voluntary exercise on left ventricle morphology in male mice. (A) Representative images of Picrosirius red staining for measurement of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis with 20× magnification. (B) Representative images for Hematoxylin and Eosin for measurement of cardiomyocyte width and area with 40× magnification. (C) Representative images of Oil red O staining for measurement of interstitial lipid deposition with 40× magnification. Quantitative analysis of percent area of (D) interstitial and (E) perivascular fibrosis expressed as fold change from sedentary chow group. Quantitative analysis of (F) cardiomyocyte width and (G) cardiomyocyte area. (H) Quantitative analysis of percent area of lipid deposition expressed as fold change from sedentary chow group left ventricle mRNA expression of fatty acid transporters (I) FABP3, (J) CD36, and hypertrophy markers (K) β-MHC and (L) ANP in male VET or sedentary mice fed an HFD or chow diet. Values were calculated relative to 18S housekeeper. Analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. (D–H) n : 8–12 per group. (I–L) n : 8–9 per group. * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.0001. ANP = atrial natriuretic peptide; β-MHC = beta myosin heavy chain; CD36 = platelet glycoprotein 4; FABP3 = fatty acid-binding protein 3; HFD = high fat diet; Myh7 = moysin heavy chain 7; VET = voluntary exercise training.

Article Snippet: The following TaqMan assay gene transcripts were used: fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3, Mm02342495_m1), platelet glycoprotein 4 (CD36, Mm00432403_m1), beta myosin heavy chain (β-MHC, Mm00600555_m1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP, Mm01255747_g1), OPA1 (Mm01349707_g1), DRP1 (Mm01342903_m1), robosomal18S (18S, Mm03928990_g1).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing, Binding Assay

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: PPARα-CD36-CAV1-mediated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) uptake promotes muscle fiber development in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus )

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.10.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mediates the uptake of DHA into the myocytes of grass carp. (A) The internalization of CD36 in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells transfected with CD36 after treated for 2 h. Green fluorescence indicated CD36 and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining marked the nucleus, scale bar = 8 μm. (B) Protein levels of CD36 expression in myoblasts treated with CD36 inhibitor. (C) Quantitative results of CD36 protein levels in myoblasts treated with CD36 inhibitor. Control, untreated; DHA, treated with 50 μmol/L DHA; DHA + SSO, co-treated with 50 μmol/L DHA and 200 μmol/L SSO. DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; SSO = sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (a CD36 inhibitor); GAPDH = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. P -value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference, n = 3.

Article Snippet: To investigate whether DHA promotes myoblast proliferation via the CD36-mediated absorption pathway, this study utilized DHA (HY-B2167) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO; HY-112847A), both from MedChem Express LLC (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Transfection, Fluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Control

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: PPARα-CD36-CAV1-mediated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) uptake promotes muscle fiber development in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus )

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.10.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances the proliferation of grass carp myoblasts through the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-mediated uptake mechanism. (A and B) The relative mRNA expression levels of proliferation-related genes (cyclin D1 and cyclin E) in myoblasts treated with DHA for 24 h. (C) Percentage of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive myoblastsrelative to the total myoblasts. (D) EdU (red fluorescence) and Hoechst (blue fluorescence, nuclei) staining. Scale bar, 200 μm. Control, untreated; DHA, treated with 50 μmol/L DHA; DHA + SSO, co-treated with 50 μmol/L DHA and 200 μmol/L SSO. SSO = sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (a CD36 inhibitor). P -value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference, n = 3.

Article Snippet: To investigate whether DHA promotes myoblast proliferation via the CD36-mediated absorption pathway, this study utilized DHA (HY-B2167) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO; HY-112847A), both from MedChem Express LLC (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Staining, Control

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: PPARα-CD36-CAV1-mediated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) uptake promotes muscle fiber development in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus )

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.10.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) facilitates the uptake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in grass carp myoblasts via a CAV1-dependent endocytic pathway. (A-D) The mRNA expression of endocytosis-related genes in myoblasts treated with DHA for 24 h. (E) The colocalization and internalization of CD36 (green fluorescence) and CAV1 (red fluorescence) were observed in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells transfected with plasmid after being treated with DHA for different time. Scale bar, 8 μm. Control, untreated; DHA, treated with 50 μmol/L DHA. P -value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference, n = 3.

Article Snippet: To investigate whether DHA promotes myoblast proliferation via the CD36-mediated absorption pathway, this study utilized DHA (HY-B2167) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO; HY-112847A), both from MedChem Express LLC (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: PPARα-CD36-CAV1-mediated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) uptake promotes muscle fiber development in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus )

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.10.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promotes myoblast proliferation in grass carp via cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and CAV1. (A) Protein levels of CAV1 expression in myoblasts treated with CAV1 inhibitor. (B) Quantitative results of CAV1 protein levels in myoblasts treated with CAV1 inhibitor. (C) Percentage of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive myoblasts relative to the total myoblasts. (D) EdU (red fluorescence) and Hoechst (blue fluorescence, nuclei) staining. Scale bar, 200 μm. (E and F) The mRNA expression levels of proliferation-related genes (cyclin D1 and cyclin E) in myoblasts treated with DHA for 24 h. (G) Overexpression of cav1 in myoblasts. Control, untreated; DHA, treated with 50 μmol/L DHA; DHA + Nys, co-treated with 50 μmol/L DHA and 75 μmol/L Nys; DHA + Nys + SSO, co-treated with 50 μmol/L DHA, 75 μmol/L Nys, and 200 μmol/L SSO; CAV1 OE, myoblasts were transfected with a CAV1-overexpression plasmid; DHA + CAV1 OE, CAV1-overexpressing myoblasts were treated with 50 μmol/L DHA. SSO = sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (a CD36 inhibitor); Nys = nystatin (a CAV1 inhibitor); CAV1 OE = CAV1-overexpressing; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. P -value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference, n = 3.

Article Snippet: To investigate whether DHA promotes myoblast proliferation via the CD36-mediated absorption pathway, this study utilized DHA (HY-B2167) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO; HY-112847A), both from MedChem Express LLC (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Staining, Over Expression, Control, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: PPARα-CD36-CAV1-mediated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) uptake promotes muscle fiber development in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus )

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.10.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promotes myofiber proliferation and development in muscle tissue via the PPARα-cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-mediated uptake pathway. (A) Site-directed mutagenesis analysis of PPARα binding sites on the pGL3.0-CD36 vector in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells. (B) The mRNA expression levels of fatty acid absorption ( cd36 and cav1 ) in muscle tissue. (C) Muscle fiber diameter. (D) Muscle fiber density. (E) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in muscle tissue. Scale bar, 100 μm. (F) The mRNA expression of muscle growth and development related genes ( myog , myod , myhc , mrf4 , and myf5 ) and fiber cell growth factor ( fgf6a and fgf6b ) in muscle tissue. Control, diet without DHA supplementation; DHA, diet supplemented with 0.5% DHA; DHA + GW6471, diet supplemented with 0.5% DHA and GW6471. GW6471 = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α inhibitor; Luc = luciferase. P -value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference, n = 3.

Article Snippet: To investigate whether DHA promotes myoblast proliferation via the CD36-mediated absorption pathway, this study utilized DHA (HY-B2167) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO; HY-112847A), both from MedChem Express LLC (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Staining, Control, Luciferase

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: PPARα-CD36-CAV1-mediated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) uptake promotes muscle fiber development in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus )

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.10.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances the proliferation of grass carp myoblasts through the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-mediated uptake mechanism. (A and B) The relative mRNA expression levels of proliferation-related genes (cyclin D1 and cyclin E) in myoblasts treated with DHA for 24 h. (C) Percentage of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive myoblastsrelative to the total myoblasts. (D) EdU (red fluorescence) and Hoechst (blue fluorescence, nuclei) staining. Scale bar, 200 μm. Control, untreated; DHA, treated with 50 μmol/L DHA; DHA + SSO, co-treated with 50 μmol/L DHA and 200 μmol/L SSO. SSO = sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (a CD36 inhibitor). P -value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference, n = 3.

Article Snippet: To investigate whether DHA promotes myoblast proliferation via the CD36-mediated absorption pathway, this study utilized DHA (HY-B2167) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO; HY-112847A), both from MedChem Express LLC (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Staining, Control

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: PPARα-CD36-CAV1-mediated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) uptake promotes muscle fiber development in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus )

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.10.011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promotes myofiber proliferation and development in muscle tissue via the PPARα-cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-mediated uptake pathway. (A) Site-directed mutagenesis analysis of PPARα binding sites on the pGL3.0-CD36 vector in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells. (B) The mRNA expression levels of fatty acid absorption ( cd36 and cav1 ) in muscle tissue. (C) Muscle fiber diameter. (D) Muscle fiber density. (E) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in muscle tissue. Scale bar, 100 μm. (F) The mRNA expression of muscle growth and development related genes ( myog , myod , myhc , mrf4 , and myf5 ) and fiber cell growth factor ( fgf6a and fgf6b ) in muscle tissue. Control, diet without DHA supplementation; DHA, diet supplemented with 0.5% DHA; DHA + GW6471, diet supplemented with 0.5% DHA and GW6471. GW6471 = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α inhibitor; Luc = luciferase. P -value less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference, n = 3.

Article Snippet: To investigate whether DHA promotes myoblast proliferation via the CD36-mediated absorption pathway, this study utilized DHA (HY-B2167) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate sodium (SSO; HY-112847A), both from MedChem Express LLC (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Staining, Control, Luciferase