Journal: BMC Chemistry

Article Title: Resolving spectral overlaps in Anti-Parkinson drug combinations: a green spectrophotometric approach for entacapone determination

doi: 10.1186/s13065-026-01768-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical structures of a Carbidopa, b Levodopa, and c Entacapone

Article Snippet: Authentic pure standards of Levodopa (99.8%), Entacapone (99.6%), and Carbidopa (99.7%) were obtained from Global Napi Pharmaceuticals, Egypt each was supplied with a certificate of analysis verifying their purity and authenticity.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Chemistry

Article Title: Resolving spectral overlaps in Anti-Parkinson drug combinations: a green spectrophotometric approach for entacapone determination

doi: 10.1186/s13065-026-01768-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Zero-order absorption spectra of Carbidopa (red dashed line), Levodopa (black dotted line), and Entacapone (blue solid line) recorded over the wavelength range of 200.0–600.0 nm using deionized water as solvent. The figure demonstrates the significant spectral overlap among the three drugs while Entacapone exhibits a distinct absorption maximum at 378.0 nm which was selected for its selective determination. Absorbance is plotted against wavelength (nm)

Article Snippet: Authentic pure standards of Levodopa (99.8%), Entacapone (99.6%), and Carbidopa (99.7%) were obtained from Global Napi Pharmaceuticals, Egypt each was supplied with a certificate of analysis verifying their purity and authenticity.

Techniques: Solvent

Journal: BMC Chemistry

Article Title: Resolving spectral overlaps in Anti-Parkinson drug combinations: a green spectrophotometric approach for entacapone determination

doi: 10.1186/s13065-026-01768-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Zero-order absorption spectra (D 0 ) of Carbidopa, Levodopa, and Entacapone showing spectral overlap prior to mathematical treatment. b Factorized dual wavelength spectrum of Entacapone at a concentration of 10.0 µg/mL obtained after applying the ΔA* (amplitude difference) mathematical manipulation enabling selective determination of Entacapone at 378.0 nm without interference from the co-formulated drugs

Article Snippet: Authentic pure standards of Levodopa (99.8%), Entacapone (99.6%), and Carbidopa (99.7%) were obtained from Global Napi Pharmaceuticals, Egypt each was supplied with a certificate of analysis verifying their purity and authenticity.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: BMC Chemistry

Article Title: Resolving spectral overlaps in Anti-Parkinson drug combinations: a green spectrophotometric approach for entacapone determination

doi: 10.1186/s13065-026-01768-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Absorption spectrum of a laboratory-prepared mixture containing Entacapone, Carbidopa, and Levodopa illustrating severe spectral overlap. b Recovered zero-order spectrum of Entacapone obtained after division by 4.0 µg/mL Entacapone spectrum followed by constant subtraction and multiplication by the divisor. The processed spectrum allows selective measurement of Entacapone at 378.0 nm

Article Snippet: Authentic pure standards of Levodopa (99.8%), Entacapone (99.6%), and Carbidopa (99.7%) were obtained from Global Napi Pharmaceuticals, Egypt each was supplied with a certificate of analysis verifying their purity and authenticity.

Techniques:

Journal: Cureus

Article Title: Natural Polyphenols Versus Standard Therapy: Effects on Neuroinflammation and Alpha-Synuclein Expression in a 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.7759/cureus.103681

Figure Lengend Snippet: The figure depicts the group-wise distribution of α-synuclein levels expressed as mean ± SD. The MPTP group shows a pronounced elevation in α-synuclein compared to the normal control group (*** P < 0.001), whereas all treatment groups demonstrate significant reductions compared to the MPTP group (## P < 0.001). The graphical representation depicts that levodopa + carbidopa produced the greatest reduction, followed by the resveratrol+ curcumin combination, which was more effective than either compound alone. MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; SD, standard deviation

Article Snippet: L-DOPA + carbidopa was procured from Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Mumbai, India.

Techniques: Control, Produced, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cureus

Article Title: Natural Polyphenols Versus Standard Therapy: Effects on Neuroinflammation and Alpha-Synuclein Expression in a 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.7759/cureus.103681

Figure Lengend Snippet: Depicts TNF-α levels across experimental groups. A significant elevation is observed in the MPTP group compared to the control (*** P < 0.001). Treatment with levodopa + carbidopa, resveratrol, curcumin, and resveratrol + curcumin significantly reduced TNF-α levels compared to the MPTP group (## P < 0.01). The graphical representation depicts that levodopa + carbidopa produced the greatest reduction, followed by the resveratrol + curcumin combination, which was more effective than either compound alone. MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α

Article Snippet: L-DOPA + carbidopa was procured from Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Mumbai, India.

Techniques: Control, Produced