Journal: BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Article Title: Synergistic effects of dexamethasone and vitamins D and K on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

doi: 10.1186/s12938-026-01556-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphological changes in BM-MSCs during osteogenic differentiation over 28 days in media with different supplement compositions. Cells were differentiated in DM1–DM4 media. Cell morphology was assessed by bright-field microscopy on days 0, 7, 14, and 28. Representative images show progressive changes in cell shape and density indicative of osteogenic differentiation. Scale bar = 200 μm

Article Snippet: Normal human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATCC PCS-500-012 TM ) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for experiments.

Techniques: Microscopy

Journal: BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Article Title: Synergistic effects of dexamethasone and vitamins D and K on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

doi: 10.1186/s12938-026-01556-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Von Kossa staining of BM-MSCs cultured for 28 days in different osteogenic media reveals varying degrees of mineralization. Cells were differentiated in DM1–DM4 media. Black precipitates indicate calcium phosphate deposits, demonstrating the extent of ECM mineralization. Scale bar = 500 μm

Article Snippet: Normal human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATCC PCS-500-012 TM ) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for experiments.

Techniques: Staining, Cell Culture

Journal: BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Article Title: Synergistic effects of dexamethasone and vitamins D and K on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

doi: 10.1186/s12938-026-01556-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alizarin Red staining of BM-MSCs cultured in different osteogenic media (DM1–DM4) at various time points reveals differences in calcium deposition. Cells were cultured for 7, 14, and 28 days in DM1–DM4 media. Red staining indicates the presence of calcium-rich deposits. The most extensive mineralization was observed in DM4, particularly on day 14 and 28, whereas DM2 (lacking DEX after day 7) showed the weakest staining. Scale bar = 200 μm

Article Snippet: Normal human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATCC PCS-500-012 TM ) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for experiments.

Techniques: Staining, Cell Culture

Journal: BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Article Title: Synergistic effects of dexamethasone and vitamins D and K on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

doi: 10.1186/s12938-026-01556-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Quantification of calcium deposition in BM-MSCs cultured in osteogenic media DM1–DM4 using Alizarin Red extraction. Absorbance was measured at 562 nm and expressed in arbitrary units. B ALP activity in BM-MSCs cultured in different osteogenic media (DM1–DM4) at various time points. ALP activity was normalized to total protein content and expressed as enzyme activity per milligram of protein per milliliter of lysate. All data represent means ± standard deviations from three independent biological replicates. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed unpaired t -test and is indicated by asterisks (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Normal human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATCC PCS-500-012 TM ) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for experiments.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Extraction, Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Article Title: Synergistic effects of dexamethasone and vitamins D and K on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

doi: 10.1186/s12938-026-01556-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Visualization of actin cytoskeleton and mitochondrial network in BM-MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation in various media (DM1–DM4). Cells were stained with Phalloidin–TRITC (red) to visualize F-actin filaments and MitoTracker™ Red CMXRos (red) to detect mitochondria. Cell nuclei were counterstained with NucBlue™ (blue). Images were processed using ImageJ software (W. S. Rasband, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Scale bar = 100 μm

Article Snippet: Normal human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATCC PCS-500-012 TM ) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for experiments.

Techniques: Staining, Software

Journal: BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Article Title: Synergistic effects of dexamethasone and vitamins D and K on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

doi: 10.1186/s12938-026-01556-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expression levels of osteogenic marker genes during BM-MSCs osteodifferentiation in different supplementation conditions. Transcript levels of A RUNX2 , B ALP , C OCN , and D BMP2 were measured by qRT-PCR at days 7, 14, and 28 in BM-MSCs cultured in osteogenic media DM1–DM4. Gene expression was normalized to the housekeeping gene GAPDH and expressed relative to undifferentiated control levels. All data are presented as means ± standard deviation from three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01; unpaired two-tailed t -test).

Article Snippet: Normal human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATCC PCS-500-012 TM ) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for experiments.

Techniques: Expressing, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture, Gene Expression, Control, Standard Deviation, Two Tailed Test

Journal: BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Article Title: Synergistic effects of dexamethasone and vitamins D and K on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

doi: 10.1186/s12938-026-01556-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of experimental workflow. Timeline of BM-MSCs culture, induction of osteogenic differentiation in four different media (DM1–DM4), and time points of sample collection. The diagram illustrates key methodological steps, including morphological assessment, von Kossa and Alizarin Red staining, ALP activity and total protein quantification, immunofluorescence staining (F-actin and mitochondria), and gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR. Sampling was performed at days 0, 7, 14, and 28, as indicated. Created in Biorender.com

Article Snippet: Normal human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) (ATCC PCS-500-012 TM ) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for experiments.

Techniques: Staining, Activity Assay, Immunofluorescence, Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Sampling

Journal: Inflammopharmacology

Article Title: Heightened anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of bone marrow stem cell-conditioned media with mono and doped TiO 2 nanoparticles in Carrageenan-induced inflammation

doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-02020-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathology diagram of photomicrograph showing A Healthy negative control group with normal histological structure of paw epidermis and dermis. B Positive control group showing severe hemorrhage (star) with infiltration by inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes and eosinophils (arrow) in the dermis. C Third group that was induced with carrageenan and treated with indomethacin as a reference drug, showing a large area of necrosis with infiltration by a high number of inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils (arrow head) in the dermis. D Fourth group induced with carrageenan and orally dosed with BM-MSCs CM TiO2 NPs showing infiltration of paw dermis by a moderate number of inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes and eosinophils (arrow). E Fifth group induced with carrageenan and orally dosed with mono-doped BM-MSCs CM TiO 2 NPs showing mild edema in paw dermis (blue arrow) with infiltration by a few mononuclear inflammatory cells (black arrow). F Sixth group induced with carrageenan and orally dosed with dual-doped BM-MSCs CM TiO 2 NPs, showing normal histological structure of paw epidermis and dermis. (hematoxylin and eosin stain, X400)

Article Snippet: Bone marrow stem cells (BM-MSCs) were harvested by flushing the tibia and femur bones of eight-week-old male albino rats of the Sprague Dawley strain weighing 100–120 g with PBS supplemented with 1% penicillin–streptomycin under aseptic conditions (Aglan et al. ).

Techniques: Histopathology, Negative Control, Positive Control, H&E Stain

Journal: Inflammopharmacology

Article Title: Heightened anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of bone marrow stem cell-conditioned media with mono and doped TiO 2 nanoparticles in Carrageenan-induced inflammation

doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-02020-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Flow cytometry analysis showed that BM-MSCs were positive for CD90 (93.5%) ( A ) and CD73 (95.7%) ( B ), while negative/low for hematopoietic lineage markers CD45 (3.47%) ( C ) and CD34 (16.6%) ( D ). Morphological assessment revealed fibroblast-like cells with initial adherence and spreading after 3 days of culture ( E ), progressing to a confluent, spindle-shaped monolayer at later stages (complete sheet) ( F ), Scale bar = 500 µm

Article Snippet: Bone marrow stem cells (BM-MSCs) were harvested by flushing the tibia and femur bones of eight-week-old male albino rats of the Sprague Dawley strain weighing 100–120 g with PBS supplemented with 1% penicillin–streptomycin under aseptic conditions (Aglan et al. ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Inflammopharmacology

Article Title: Heightened anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of bone marrow stem cell-conditioned media with mono and doped TiO 2 nanoparticles in Carrageenan-induced inflammation

doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-02020-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Showing cell viability of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BM-MSCs) following induction with carrageenan (car), treatment with TiO 2 alone (Ti), TiO 2 mono-doped with copper (Ti Mono), TiO 2 dual-doped with copper and zinc (Ti Dual), and using indomethacin (Indo) as a reference drug

Article Snippet: Bone marrow stem cells (BM-MSCs) were harvested by flushing the tibia and femur bones of eight-week-old male albino rats of the Sprague Dawley strain weighing 100–120 g with PBS supplemented with 1% penicillin–streptomycin under aseptic conditions (Aglan et al. ).

Techniques: Derivative Assay