Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Ketone ester supplementation in aged mice reduces activation of B cell subsets

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.20.718782

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) Experimental diagram for immunophenotyping on spleens from mice fed with the ketone ester (KE) diet or control diet and stimulating splenocytes with LPS (10 µg/mL) for 4 days to determine activation B ) R-BHB levels of mice throughout the experiment. Each point represents average per group per day. Error bars represent standard error. C ) Representative flow cytometry plot for gating B cell subsets from total B cells (CD19 + CD3 − live cells) in the immunophenotyping experiment D) Proportions and absolute count of cells expressing CD69, CD95, CD11c, and CD138 within total follicular B cells (CD21 +/− CD23 + ) from murine splenocytes. Each point represents one mouse with bars representing the average per group. E ) Proportions and absolute count of cells expressing CD69, CD95, CD11c, and CD138 within total marginal zone B cells (CD21 + CD23 − ) from murine splenocytes. Each point represents one mouse with bars representing the average per group. F ) Proportions and absolute count of cells expressing CD69, CD95, CD11c, and CD138 within total age-associated B cells (CD21 − CD23 − ) from murine splenocytes. Each point represents one mouse with bars representing the average per group. G ) Representative flow cytometry plot for B cell gating after activating splenocytes with LPS. Blue arrows mark the differentiation trajectory of these cells. H ) Proportion of CD69 + cells of activated B cells (B220 + CD138 − ) from G and MHC-II and CD69 median fluorescence intensities (MFI) I ) Proportion of CD69 + cells of plasma cells (B220 − CD138 + ) from G and CD69 MFIs. Mice with enlarged spleens were removed from spleen analyses leaving n = 8 per group. The experiment began with n = 14-15 per group. P-values were calculated using a Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U (rank sum) test.

Article Snippet: R-BHB levels were measured from undiluted mouse plasma according to manufacturer’s instructions (Stanbio #2440058).

Techniques: Control, Activation Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Fluorescence, Clinical Proteomics, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Veterinary Research Communications

Article Title: Epidemiological, haematological-biochemical, and molecular investigations of bovine theileriosis with therapeutic evaluation of buparvaquone with silymarin in Dakahlia and Damietta governorates, Egypt

doi: 10.1007/s11259-026-11089-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bar plots depict the Mean ± SD of serum glucose and ketogenesis markers in cattle naturally infected with T. annulata before and after a two-week treatment with 2.5 mg/kg BVQ or a combination of 2.5 mg/kg BVQ and 2.23 mg/kg SI. Diamonds denote the individual value for each case in each group. Error bars represent ± standard deviation of the Mean, whereas the bar length indicates the mean value of each biomarker for each group. Paired Student’s t -test was used for comparisons of means in pretreatment Day 0 and posttreatment Day 14 within the same treatment group, with the significance levels versus pretreatment Day 0 as follows: NS P > 0.05; * P < 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01. BHB: β-hydroxybutyrate

Article Snippet: For estimation of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which accounts for about 75% of the total ketone body, commercial colorimetric reagents exhibiting optimal inter- and intra-assay precision (CV < 4%) were purchased from Elabscience® (Houston, USA) and subsequently revalidated for the assessment of BHB (Cat # E-BC-K785-M) by quantifying the variation in absorbance at 450 nm in line with the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Infection, Standard Deviation, Biomarker Discovery