Journal: Methods in cell biology

Article Title: A rigorous behavioral testing platform for the assessment of radiation-induced neurological outcomes

doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.02.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) FE arrangement with 3 tone-shock pairings on day 1, 20 tones only on days 2–4 and 3 tones only on day 5. (B) Fear Conditioning (left) and Fear Extinction (right) apparatus with context A (vinegar) and B (almond) scents.

Article Snippet: Fear Extinction (FE) Set of eight behavioral conditioning chambers (17.5 × 17.5 × 18 cm, Coulbourn instruments) with steel slat floors (3.2 mm diameter, 8 mm spacing (see Fig. 10)).

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A parabrachial hub for the prioritization of survival behavior

doi: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582069

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Formalin was injected into the dorsal surface of the hindpaw, resulting in an initial acute phase (Phase 1, 0-5 min) and a sustained phase (Phase 2, 15-60 min). ( B ) Time spent licking paw in 5 min bins after an injection of formalin (n=9) showing initial and sustained phases. ( C ) Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) was used as a model of persistent inflammatory pain and spared nerve injury (SNI) was used as a model of neuropathic pain. The von Frey test was used to assess mechanical allodynia in both models and the acetone test was used to test cold allodynia after SNI. ( D ) Timeline for 24 h food deprivation experiments. ( E ) Time licking paw during Phase 2 in ad libitum fed mice (grey) and food deprived mice (blue, n=7-9/group, unpaired t-test, p<0.01). ( F ) Withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli before CFA (baseline, grey), ad libitum fed mice after CFA (light blue), and 24 h food deprived mice after CFA (dark blue, n=15, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, p<0.001). ( G ) Withdrawal duration after acetone application before SNI (baseline, grey), ad libitum fed mice after SNI (light blue), and 24 h food deprived mice after SNI (dark blue, n=8, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, p<0.001). ( H ) Timeline for polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced thirst (30%, 20ul/g body weight s.c.) experiments. ( I ) Time licking paw during Phase 2 in saline treated mice (grey) and PEG treated mice (blue, n=9/group, unpaired t-test, p<0.01). ( J ) Withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli before CFA (baseline, grey), control mice treated with saline after CFA (light blue), and mice treated with PEG after CFA (dark blue, n=8, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, p<0.01). ( K ) Withdrawal duration after acetone application before SNI (baseline, grey), control mice treated with saline after SNI (light blue), and mice treated with PEG after SNI (dark blue, n=10, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, p<0.001). ( L ) Timeline for experiments during innate fear (exposure to Trimethylthiazoline (TMT, fox odor)). ( M ) Time licking paw during Phase 2 in mice with control PBS in the chamber (grey) and TMT in the chamber (blue, n=8/group, unpaired t-test, p<0.01). ( N ) Timeline of experiments during conditioned fear. Conditioning involved pairing a shock with a context on day 1. On day 2, mice were injected with formalin and then placed in either the conditioned or novel context 20 minutes after the injection. Paw licking was scored for 10 min during the inflammatory phase. ( O ) Time licking 20-30 min after formalin injection while animals were in either in the unshocked context (grey) or the shocked context (blue, n=10-12/group, unpaired t-test, p<0.05). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Grey dots represent individual mice in between subject experiments and grey lines represent individual mice in within subjects experiments. T-test and post-hoc comparisons: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. ANOVA main effect of group: ☼☼p<0.01, ☼☼☼p<0.001

Article Snippet: Mice were placed in a fear conditioning chamber (HABITEST modular behavioral test system, Coulbourn Instruments).

Techniques: Injection, Adjuvant, Saline, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A parabrachial hub for the prioritization of survival behavior

doi: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582069

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Time spent licking paw in 5 min bins with control PBS in the chamber (grey) or TMT in the chamber (blue, n=8/group, repeated measures two-way ANOVA, main effect of group p<0.01). ( B ) Time spent licking paw during Phase 1 (n=8/group, unpaired t-test, p<0.05). ( C ) Experimental timeline to test the effect of conditioned fear on acute formalin pain. Conditioning occurred on day 1. On day 2, mice were injected with formalin and then immediately placed in either the shocked context or a novel, unshocked context. Licking behavior was scored for 5 min. ( D ) Time spent licking paw in either the unshocked context (grey) or shocked context (blue, n=6/group, unpaired t-test, n.s.). ( E ) TMT was applied to a chamber placed on 52°C hot plate. Mice were then placed in the chamber and their behavior was video recorded for 1 min. ( F-H ) Latency to lick the forepaw (F) and hindpaw (G) and the number of jumps (H) on the hot plate after application of TMT or control PBS (n=8-10/group, unpaired t-tests, all n.s.). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Grey dots represent individual mice. T-test and post-hoc comparisons: *p<0.05. ANOVA main effect of group: ☼☼p<0.01. ANOVA interaction: ∞p<0.05.

Article Snippet: Mice were placed in a fear conditioning chamber (HABITEST modular behavioral test system, Coulbourn Instruments).

Techniques: Control, Injection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A parabrachial hub for the prioritization of survival behavior

doi: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582069

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Bilateral lPBN injections of inhibitory DREADDs in Npy1r:Cre mice. ( B ) Time licking paw during Phase 2 in mice injected with a control virus (grey) or with hM4D(Gi) (red). All mice were injected with CNO (1mg/kg i.p.) 15 min before formalin injection (n=10-11/group, unpaired t-test, p<0.05). ( C ) Withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli in hM4D(Gi)-expressing mice before SNI (baseline, grey), after SNI with a control saline injection (dark grey), and after SNI with an injection of CNO (red, n=8, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, p<0.001). ( D ) Time licking paw during Phase 1 of mice injected with a control virus (grey) or with hM4D(Gi), (red, n=10-11/group, unpaired t-test, n.s.). ( E ) Latency to respond on a 52°C hot plate in hM4D(Gi)-expressing mice treated with a saline control (grey) or CNO injection (red, n=14, paired t-test, n.s.). ( F ) Schematic depicting bilateral lPBN injections of excitatory DREADDs in Npy1r:Cre mice. ( G ) Schematic depicting conditioned place preference procedure. ( H ) Percent time spent in the side of the chamber paired with CNO in mice injected with a control virus (grey) or hM3D(Gq) (red) before and after conditioning (n=6-7/group, repeated measures two-way ANOVA, main effect of group p<0.001). ( I ) Time spent in the center of the open field in control and CNO treated mice (n=8, paired t-test, p=0.05). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Grey dots represent individual mice in between subject experiments and grey lines represent individual mice in within subjects experiments. T-test and post-hoc comparisons: *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. ANOVA main effect of group: ☼☼☼p<0.001. ANOVA interaction: ∞∞∞p<0.001.

Article Snippet: Mice were placed in a fear conditioning chamber (HABITEST modular behavioral test system, Coulbourn Instruments).

Techniques: Injection, Control, Virus, Expressing, Saline, Conditioned Place Preference