Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CXCL13 as a simple and promising blood biomarker for differentiating Sézary syndrome from mycosis fungoides and other confounding chronic inflammatory skin diseases

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1804103

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCL13 mRNA expression in PBMCs from patients with Sézary syndrome and other confounding skin diseases. (A) Box-and-whisker plots showing individual CXCL13 ΔCt values in PBMCs from patients with Sézary syndrome (SS), mycosis fungoides (MF), atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PS) and healthy donors (HD). ΔCt values were calculated using GAPDH as housekeeping gene. Statistical significance was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. ***p ≤ 0.001; *p ≤ 0.05. (B) Relative CXCL13 expression levels expressed as fold change (RQ) for each disease group relative to HD, calculated using the mean ΔCt value of HD as reference. RQmin and RQmax represent the minimum and maximum relative quantities obtained by adding or subtracting, respectively, the standard deviation of ΔCt values to ΔΔCt.

Article Snippet: Sections were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with a goat polyclonal anti-CXCL13 antibody (AF801; R&D Systems) at a concentration of 2.5 μg/mL in 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Techniques: Expressing, Whisker Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CXCL13 as a simple and promising blood biomarker for differentiating Sézary syndrome from mycosis fungoides and other confounding chronic inflammatory skin diseases

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1804103

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCL13 immunohistochemical expression in skin biopsies from Sézary syndrome, mycosis fungoides and inflammatory skin diseases. Representative immunohistochemical staining for CXCL13 in skin lesions from patients with Sézary syndrome [SS; (A) ] and mycosis fungoides [MF; (B) ], showing CXCL13 expression in endothelial cells and neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrating the dermis, frequently displaying a dot-like staining pattern. In atopic dermatitis [AD; (C) ], psoriasis [PS; (D) ], eczema [EC; (E) ] and healthy donor skin [HD; (F) ], CXCL13 immunoreactivity is mainly confined to endothelial cells and scattered non-neoplastic lymphocytes. Sections were counterstained with haematoxylin. Original magnification: ×10; inserts ×40.

Article Snippet: Sections were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with a goat polyclonal anti-CXCL13 antibody (AF801; R&D Systems) at a concentration of 2.5 μg/mL in 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CXCL13 as a simple and promising blood biomarker for differentiating Sézary syndrome from mycosis fungoides and other confounding chronic inflammatory skin diseases

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1804103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma CXCL13 levels and diagnostic performance in Sézary syndrome. (A) Box-and-whisker plots showing individual plasma CXCL13 concentrations in patients with Sézary syndrome (SS), mycosis fungoides (MF), atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PS), eczema (EC) and healthy donors (HD). Statistical significance was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. (B) Plasma CXCL13 concentrations in MF patients stratified according to disease stage at sampling (stage IB/IIA vs . advanced stages IIB and III). Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. (C) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluating the ability of plasma CXCL13 to discriminate SS patients from all non-SS individuals (MF, AD, PS, EC and HD). The red cross indicates the selected cut-off value (151.1 pg/mL) maximising sensitivity (87%) and specificity (88%). (D) Box-and-whisker plots showing individual plasma CXCL13 concentrations in SS (right) and non-SS (left) patients. The dotted line indicates the ROC-derived cut-off value. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. ****p ≤ 0.0001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05.

Article Snippet: Sections were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with a goat polyclonal anti-CXCL13 antibody (AF801; R&D Systems) at a concentration of 2.5 μg/mL in 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Diagnostic Assay, Whisker Assay, Sampling, MANN-WHITNEY, Derivative Assay