Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Genetically engineered human cell–based microrobots for selective cancer cell death

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aea9831

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic illustration of the experimental setup with four groups: (i) unmodified 293T cells, (ii) 293T cells modified with GFP only, (iii) 293T cells modified with TRAIL + GFP , and (iv) cell-based microrobots—293T cells modified with TRAIL + GFP and then conjugated to magnetic Janus particles. 293T cells were seeded in the upper chamber of a transwell system; healthy hAMSCs or A498 cancer cells were seeded in the lower chamber. Cell viability was assessed after 3 days of coculture. Created in BioRender. N. O. Dogan (2026), https://biorender.com/3lke7fg . ( B ) TRAIL secretion was measured in all groups at 48 hours posttransfection. Data are presented as the means ± SD from n = 3 technical replicates. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; n.s. indicates P ≥ 0.05, and **** P < 0.0001. ( C ) CellTiter-Glo viability assays showing a minimal effect on healthy hAMSC viability across groups, while A498 cancer cells exhibited significant death in both TRAIL + GFP and TRAIL + GFP + particles groups. Data are presented as the means ± SD from n = 10 technical replicates. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; n.s. indicates P ≥ 0.05; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and **** P < 0.0001. ( D ) Representative live/dead fluorescence images confirming the selective cytotoxicity of cell-based microrobots on A498 cancer cells, with no detectable harm on healthy hAMSCs. Scale bars, 100 μm.

Article Snippet: ACHN and A498 human renal adenocarcinomas (ATCC) and ONCO-DG-1 human ovarian adenocarcinomas (DSMZ) were cultivated in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium (Gibco).

Techniques: Modification, Fluorescence

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Genetically engineered human cell–based microrobots for selective cancer cell death

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aea9831

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Differential interference contrast imaging demonstrating the magnetic guidance of cell-based microrobots toward a 3D tumor spheroid. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( B ) As shown by live/dead fluorescence imaging, conditioned medium from cell-based microrobots induced increased tumor cell death in 3D A498 renal adenocarcinoma tumor spheroids, unlike medium from unmodified 293T cells. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( C ) CellTiter-Glo 3D assay revealed significantly reduced tumor spheroid viability after 24 hours of incubation with conditioned medium from cell-based microrobots compared to medium from unmodified 293T cells. Data are presented as the means ± SD, n = 6 technical replicates. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; **** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: ACHN and A498 human renal adenocarcinomas (ATCC) and ONCO-DG-1 human ovarian adenocarcinomas (DSMZ) were cultivated in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium (Gibco).

Techniques: Imaging, Fluorescence, Incubation