Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Regional macrophage specialization shapes intestinal neuroimmune function

doi: 10.64898/2026.10.08.757647

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Small-intestinal length in control and αCSF1-treated mice. (b) Colonic length in control and αCSF1-treated mice. (c) Body weight before and after 7 days of control or αCSF1 treatment ( n = 3 per group). (d) Relative Csf1 and Csf1r expression in SI and colonic muscularis tissue measured by RT-qPCR. (e) Representative whole-mount images of CX3CR1-GFP⁺ MMs in the stomach, SI, and colon. (f) Representative flow-cytometry gating strategy used for the isolation of CX3CR1-GFP⁺ MMs from the intestinal muscularis. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM; ∗∗ P < 0.01, ns, nonsignificant (unpaired t -test). Scale bar: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: To deplete muscularis macrophages, wild-type (WT) mice (6-8 weeks) were treated with either a CSF1-neutralizing antibody (8.5 or 17 μg/g/day; Bio X Cell, InVivoMAb anti-mouse CSF1, #BE0204) administered daily for 7 days or a CSF1R neutralizing antibody (37.5 μg/g; Bio X Cell, InVivoMAb anti-mouse CSF1R, #BE0213) administered twice over a 7-day period ( ).

Techniques: Control, Expressing, Tissue, Quantitative RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, Isolation

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Regional macrophage specialization shapes intestinal neuroimmune function

doi: 10.64898/2026.10.08.757647

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mice received αCSF1 for 7 days followed by a 6-week recovery period without further αCSF1 treatment. (a) Representative whole-mount images of MHCII⁺ MMs in the stomach, SI, and colon across control, αCSF1-treated, and recovery conditions. (b) Quantification of MHCII⁺ MMs in the stomach, SI, and colon in control, αCSF1-treated, and recovered mice. (c) Representative images of MMs in the SI and colon following the 6-week recovery period. (d) Volcano plot of selected differentially expressed macrophage genes across control, αCSF1-treated, and recovery conditions in the SI and colon. (e) Macrophage transcriptional program scores across control, αCSF1-treated, and recovery conditions in the SI and colon, including homeostatic, neurotrophic, antigen-presentation, resident/tissue-adaptation, and inflammatory programs. Each point represents one image ( n = 4-5 mice per group). Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM; ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ns, nonsignificant (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison). Scale bar: (a) 100 μm, (c) 50 μm.

Article Snippet: To deplete muscularis macrophages, wild-type (WT) mice (6-8 weeks) were treated with either a CSF1-neutralizing antibody (8.5 or 17 μg/g/day; Bio X Cell, InVivoMAb anti-mouse CSF1, #BE0204) administered daily for 7 days or a CSF1R neutralizing antibody (37.5 μg/g; Bio X Cell, InVivoMAb anti-mouse CSF1R, #BE0213) administered twice over a 7-day period ( ).

Techniques: Control, Immunopeptidomics, Tissue, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Regional macrophage specialization shapes intestinal neuroimmune function

doi: 10.64898/2026.10.08.757647

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Schematic representation of αCSF1R treatment, with representative whole-mount images and quantification of MHCII⁺ MMs in the SI and colon from control and αCSF1R-treated mice. (b) Whole-gut transit time. (c) Gastric emptying. (d) Small-bowel transit. (e) Distal colonic bead-expulsion time in control and αCSF1R-treated mice. (f) Representative whole-mount images of MHCII⁺ MMs, ANNA-1⁺ enteric neurons, and nNOS⁺ neurons in the SI and colon from control and αCSF1R-treated mice. (g) Quantification of total ANNA-1⁺ enteric neurons. (h) Quantification of nNOS⁺ enteric neurons. (i) Proportion of nNOS⁺ neurons to total ANNA-1⁺ neurons in the SI and colon following αCSF1R treatment. Each point represents one biological replicate unless otherwise indicated. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗* P < 0.0001, ns, nonsignificant (unpaired t -test). Scale bar: 100 μm (a,f), 50 μm (zoom).

Article Snippet: To deplete muscularis macrophages, wild-type (WT) mice (6-8 weeks) were treated with either a CSF1-neutralizing antibody (8.5 or 17 μg/g/day; Bio X Cell, InVivoMAb anti-mouse CSF1, #BE0204) administered daily for 7 days or a CSF1R neutralizing antibody (37.5 μg/g; Bio X Cell, InVivoMAb anti-mouse CSF1R, #BE0213) administered twice over a 7-day period ( ).

Techniques: Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Regional macrophage specialization shapes intestinal neuroimmune function

doi: 10.64898/2026.10.08.757647

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: To deplete muscularis macrophages, wild-type (WT) mice (6-8 weeks) were treated with either a CSF1-neutralizing antibody (8.5 or 17 μg/g/day; Bio X Cell, InVivoMAb anti-mouse CSF1, #BE0204) administered daily for 7 days or a CSF1R neutralizing antibody (37.5 μg/g; Bio X Cell, InVivoMAb anti-mouse CSF1R, #BE0213) administered twice over a 7-day period ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Intestinal microbiota-associated LysoPC(16:0) promotes endometriosis via PPARγ-mediated M2 macrophage polarization and IL-10 secretion

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.117917

Figure Lengend Snippet: Peritoneal macrophages and IL-10 are required for LysoPC(16:0)-driven EM progression (A) Representative lesion photographs from CL- and EL-treated mice, photographed alongside a graduated scale board (cm/mm divisions). (B) Lesion weight; unpaired Student’s t test. (C) Proportion of F4/80 + cells in peritoneal lavage fluid; unpaired Welch’s t test. (D) Representative flow cytometry plots of F4/80 + cells in peritoneal lavage fluid from CL- and EL-treated mice. (E) RT-qPCR of Il10 mRNA in BMDMs stimulated with NC, IL-4, IL-4 + LysoPC(16:0), or IL-4 + LysoPC(16:0) + GW9662; ordinary one-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test among the IL-4, IL-4 + LysoPC(16:0), and IL-4 + LysoPC(16:0) + GW9662 groups. (F) Representative lesion photographs from anti-IL-10- and isotype control-treated mice, photographed alongside a graduated scale board (cm/mm divisions). (G) Lesion weight; unpaired Student’s t test. n = 6 mice per group (A–D, F, and G); n = 3 technical replicates from 3 biological replicates (E); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, not significant. Data are represented as mean ± SD (B, E, and G) and mean ± SEM (C).

Article Snippet: Anti-mouse IL-10 neutralizing antibody , MedChemExpress , Cat#HY-P990001.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Intestinal microbiota-associated LysoPC(16:0) promotes endometriosis via PPARγ-mediated M2 macrophage polarization and IL-10 secretion

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.117917

Figure Lengend Snippet: The LysoPC(16:0)-PPARγ-M2-IL-10 axis promotes migration of human primary ESCs (A) Proportion of CD206 + cells in THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated under four conditions (NC, IL-4/IL-13, IL-4/IL-13 + LysoPC(16:0), and IL-4/IL-13 + LysoPC(16:0) + GW9662); ordinary one-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test among sequential conditions. (B) Representative flow cytometry plots of CD206 + THP-1-derived macrophages under the four stimulation conditions. (C) Quantification of migrated ESCs from five patients under each of six conditioned medium conditions; ordinary one-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test against the NC group. (D) Representative crystal violet-stained migration images of human primary ESCs exposed to conditioned medium from THP-1 macrophages under six stimulation conditions; scale bars, 300 μm. n = 3 technical replicates from 3 biological replicates (A); n = 5 patients (C); ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Anti-mouse IL-10 neutralizing antibody , MedChemExpress , Cat#HY-P990001.

Techniques: Migration, Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Staining

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Intestinal microbiota-associated LysoPC(16:0) promotes endometriosis via PPARγ-mediated M2 macrophage polarization and IL-10 secretion

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.117917

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Anti-mouse IL-10 neutralizing antibody , MedChemExpress , Cat#HY-P990001.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Intestinal microbiota-associated LysoPC(16:0) promotes endometriosis via PPARγ-mediated M2 macrophage polarization and IL-10 secretion

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.117917

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Anti-mouse IL-10 neutralizing antibody , MedChemExpress , Cat#HY-P990001.

Techniques: