human multi organ tissue microarray  (Novus Biologicals)

Journal: iScience

Article Title: A rapid point-of-care test for vancomycin monitoring at the clinical bedside

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116064

Figure Lengend Snippet: The VANC-D4 assay (A) Fabrication of the VANC-D4 assay. SI-ATRP is used to grow POEGMA-co-GMA brushes on glass slides. Following SI-ATRP, VANC-BSA is inkjet printed into the polymer brush to create stable spots and fluorescently labeled anti-VANC antibodies (termed dAb) are printed on trehalose pads to create labile spots. (B) Sequential steps of the VANC-D4 assay. The steps of the VANC-D4 are (i) dispensing a blood sample on the surface, (ii) dissolution of the trehalose pads to release the fluorescently labeled dAb into solution, (iii) diffusion of the labeled dAb in the sample volume, (iv) detection of fluorescence signal from the antibody bound to immobilized VANC-BSA. (C) Representative VANC-D4 assay response in the presence of (i) no drug, (ii) low drug, and (iii) high drug concentration. (D) VANC monitoring across its clinical range using VANC-spiked whole blood diluted 100-fold in running buffer, analyzed in triplicate. The clinical range for the test is 1–45 μg/mL. Intensity values are shown, with error bars that represent the standard error of the means for n = 3 separate runs. The LOD for the presented dose-response curve was calculated to be 0.8 μg/mL.

Article Snippet: Following polymerization, D4 assays were fabricated using non-contact inkjet printing methods as described elsewhere., VANC-BSA was printed using a non-contact inkjet microarray printer (Scienion, sciFLEXARRAYER Type S12).

Techniques: Polymer, Labeling, Dissolution, Diffusion-based Assay, Fluorescence, Concentration Assay