Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aggregation of 4 nanoparticles in simulation cell packed with 697 base oil molecules. ( a ) The first, ( b ) middle, and ( c ) final frames of MD simulations. ( d ) The first, ( e ) middle, and ( f ) final frames of MD simulations for aggregated in vacuum for 2 ns simulation time.

Article Snippet: All experimental results on lubricant oil recipe and insoluble nanoparticles were provided by Lubrizol Corporation.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Radial distribution function between hydrogen and oxygen atoms of nanoparticles, ( b ) hydrogen bonding between two nanoparticles at equilibrium shown as black dashed lines.

Article Snippet: All experimental results on lubricant oil recipe and insoluble nanoparticles were provided by Lubrizol Corporation.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) The first frame of MD simulations of two nanoparticles with 7 Å distance and two dispersant molecules, ( b ) the last frame of MD simulations of two nanoparticles with 9 Å distance with two dispersant molecules. Inset figures show detailed captures. ( c ) Radial distribution function between amine in dispersant molecules and hydrogen atoms in nanoparticles. ( d ) Hydrogen bonding between nitrogen of dispersant amine group and hydrogen of nanoparticle hydroxyl group shown by black dashed lines.

Article Snippet: All experimental results on lubricant oil recipe and insoluble nanoparticles were provided by Lubrizol Corporation.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) The first frame of MD simulations of three nanoparticles with 5 Å distance, ( b ) the last frame of MD simulations of aggregated three nanoparticles. Inset figures show detailed captures. ( c ) Distance evolution of the intermolecular distance between nanoparticles in three-nanoparticle system. Different intermolecular distances between nanoparticles are depicted in different colors.

Article Snippet: All experimental results on lubricant oil recipe and insoluble nanoparticles were provided by Lubrizol Corporation.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: The ( a ) first and ( b ) the last frame of MD simulations of four nanoparticles with four dispersant molecules in 423 K. RDF between hydrogen atoms in nanoparticle surface and ( c ) nitrogen atoms amine portion. ( d ) Oxygen atoms in succinimide portion. Hydrogen bonding between ( e ) the nitrogen atoms in dispersant amine group and hydrogen atoms in nanoparticle surface. ( f ) The oxygen atoms in dispersant succinimide group and hydrogen atoms in nanoparticle surface, shown by black dashed lines.

Article Snippet: All experimental results on lubricant oil recipe and insoluble nanoparticles were provided by Lubrizol Corporation.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Insoluble deposit models with ( a ) 2.2, ( b ) 3.2, and ( c ) 4.4 nm diameter sizes with dispersant models constitute 6 polar amines at center and two nonpolar PIB tails each with 18 repeat units (top), with 12 polar amines at center and two nonpolar PIB tails each with 18 repeat units (center), and with 12 amines at center and two nonpolar PIB tails each with 36 repeat units (bottom), respectively. Green colored beads represent the PIB tails of the dispersants, brown beads represent the polar beads in amine groups and succinimides, and red color represent nanoparticles.

Article Snippet: All experimental results on lubricant oil recipe and insoluble nanoparticles were provided by Lubrizol Corporation.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: RDF plot for 50 nanoparticles. ( a ) R = 3.2 nm, ( b ) R = 4.4 nm + 5000 base oil, without dispersant (red), with 80 Dispersant v1 (green), with 80 Dispersant v2 (purple), and with Dispersant v3 (blue).

Article Snippet: All experimental results on lubricant oil recipe and insoluble nanoparticles were provided by Lubrizol Corporation.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: RDF analyses for 50 nanoparticles (r = 3.2 nm) + 5000 base oil, without dispersant (red), with 20 Dispersant (3.22% in the simulation cell), with 40 Dispersant (6.23%), and with 80 Dispersant (11.74%).

Article Snippet: All experimental results on lubricant oil recipe and insoluble nanoparticles were provided by Lubrizol Corporation.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aggregation of 4 nanoparticles in simulation cell packed with 697 base oil molecules. ( a ) The first, ( b ) middle, and ( c ) final frames of MD simulations. ( d ) The first, ( e ) middle, and ( f ) final frames of MD simulations for aggregated in vacuum for 2 ns simulation time.

Article Snippet: Experimental data provided by Lubrizol, such as the C/O ratio in insoluble nanoparticles, were used for the computational studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Radial distribution function between hydrogen and oxygen atoms of nanoparticles, ( b ) hydrogen bonding between two nanoparticles at equilibrium shown as black dashed lines.

Article Snippet: Experimental data provided by Lubrizol, such as the C/O ratio in insoluble nanoparticles, were used for the computational studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) The first frame of MD simulations of two nanoparticles with 7 Å distance and two dispersant molecules, ( b ) the last frame of MD simulations of two nanoparticles with 9 Å distance with two dispersant molecules. Inset figures show detailed captures. ( c ) Radial distribution function between amine in dispersant molecules and hydrogen atoms in nanoparticles. ( d ) Hydrogen bonding between nitrogen of dispersant amine group and hydrogen of nanoparticle hydroxyl group shown by black dashed lines.

Article Snippet: Experimental data provided by Lubrizol, such as the C/O ratio in insoluble nanoparticles, were used for the computational studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) The first frame of MD simulations of three nanoparticles with 5 Å distance, ( b ) the last frame of MD simulations of aggregated three nanoparticles. Inset figures show detailed captures. ( c ) Distance evolution of the intermolecular distance between nanoparticles in three-nanoparticle system. Different intermolecular distances between nanoparticles are depicted in different colors.

Article Snippet: Experimental data provided by Lubrizol, such as the C/O ratio in insoluble nanoparticles, were used for the computational studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: The ( a ) first and ( b ) the last frame of MD simulations of four nanoparticles with four dispersant molecules in 423 K. RDF between hydrogen atoms in nanoparticle surface and ( c ) nitrogen atoms amine portion. ( d ) Oxygen atoms in succinimide portion. Hydrogen bonding between ( e ) the nitrogen atoms in dispersant amine group and hydrogen atoms in nanoparticle surface. ( f ) The oxygen atoms in dispersant succinimide group and hydrogen atoms in nanoparticle surface, shown by black dashed lines.

Article Snippet: Experimental data provided by Lubrizol, such as the C/O ratio in insoluble nanoparticles, were used for the computational studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Insoluble deposit models with ( a ) 2.2, ( b ) 3.2, and ( c ) 4.4 nm diameter sizes with dispersant models constitute 6 polar amines at center and two nonpolar PIB tails each with 18 repeat units (top), with 12 polar amines at center and two nonpolar PIB tails each with 18 repeat units (center), and with 12 amines at center and two nonpolar PIB tails each with 36 repeat units (bottom), respectively. Green colored beads represent the PIB tails of the dispersants, brown beads represent the polar beads in amine groups and succinimides, and red color represent nanoparticles.

Article Snippet: Experimental data provided by Lubrizol, such as the C/O ratio in insoluble nanoparticles, were used for the computational studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: RDF plot for 50 nanoparticles. ( a ) R = 3.2 nm, ( b ) R = 4.4 nm + 5000 base oil, without dispersant (red), with 80 Dispersant v1 (green), with 80 Dispersant v2 (purple), and with Dispersant v3 (blue).

Article Snippet: Experimental data provided by Lubrizol, such as the C/O ratio in insoluble nanoparticles, were used for the computational studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Polymers

Article Title: The Role of Polyisobutylene-Bis-Succinimide (PIBSI) Dispersants in Lubricant Oils on the Deposit Control Mechanism

doi: 10.3390/polym17081041

Figure Lengend Snippet: RDF analyses for 50 nanoparticles (r = 3.2 nm) + 5000 base oil, without dispersant (red), with 20 Dispersant (3.22% in the simulation cell), with 40 Dispersant (6.23%), and with 80 Dispersant (11.74%).

Article Snippet: Experimental data provided by Lubrizol, such as the C/O ratio in insoluble nanoparticles, were used for the computational studies.

Techniques: