vp16 Search Results


96
MedChemExpress etoposide
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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94
TargetMol dsb stress
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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93
Santa Cruz Biotechnology anti vp16 1 21
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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93
Addgene inc pkg0743 ppv1 zf43x6 c comet addgene
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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90
Addgene inc vp16 erα
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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93
Addgene inc puastattb gfp msp300 kash plasmids
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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92
Addgene inc pgtag 2a gal4vp16 b actin plasmid
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
Pgtag 2a Gal4vp16 B Actin Plasmid, supplied by Addgene inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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93
Addgene inc bsai sites pkg1179 ppv1 efs addgene
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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93
Addgene inc lea sistonen
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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90
Addgene inc downstream
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
Downstream, supplied by Addgene inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Addgene inc pcdna3 gi zfp pcdna3 lov vp16
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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Addgene inc single molecule assays
PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of <t>etoposide</t> (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).
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PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of etoposide (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: High genotoxicity of CRISPR/Cas9 versus limited efficacy of CRISPRi in chicken primordial germ cells

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106722

Figure Lengend Snippet: PGCs are more sensitive to DNA double-strand breaks than somatic cells. (A) Cell viability curves after 24 h treatment with increasing concentrations of etoposide (ETP; x-axis shows log 10 [ETP]). PGC viability dropped sharply even at low ETP doses, whereas CEF cells were more tolerant (viability data are mean ± SD of triplicates). (B) Apoptosis detection in PGCs treated with low-dose ETP. The proportion of Annexin V + /PI + cells (late apoptosis) was significantly elevated even at 0.03 µM ETP. (C) Western blot analysis of γ-H 2 AX protein in PGCs treated with varying ETP concentrations (left panel; β-actin as loading control). The bar graph (right) shows the ratio of γ-H 2 AX to β-actin band intensity, with a marked increase at 3 µM ETP (p-values are indicated in the figure). (D) Quantification of γ-H 2 AX foci per cell in THP-1 cells, male PGCs, and female PGCs after exposure to X-ray doses of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. After 48 h recovery, γ-H 2 AX foci increased significantly with higher radiation in THP-1, male PGCs, and female PGCs. Female PGC data points are red squares; male PGCs are blue squares; THP-1 are black circles. (E) Cell-cycle distribution of male vs. female PGCs after DNA damage. PGCs were irradiated (2, 4, 6 Gy), cultured 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for cell-cycle phase (propidium iodide staining). Stacked bars show the percentage of cells in G 0 G 1 , S, and G 2 /M phases in untreated vs. irradiated cells. After damage, female PGCs predominantly arrested in G 2 /M (increased G 2 fraction), whereas male PGCs accumulated in S phase. Statistical significance by one-way ANOVA (p-values are indicated in the figure).

Article Snippet: For chemical induction of DSBs, PGC cultures were exposed to etoposide (a topoisomerase II inhibitor; MCE 33419-42-0) at various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM, and 1 mM) for 24 h. Control cells were treated with vehicle for the same durations.

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Irradiation, Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Staining